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Mechanizm zużycia powłok ochronnych stosowanych w ochronie elementów instalacji kotłowych

Szymański Krzysztof, Niemiec Dawid, Szpak Maciej, Augustyński Łukasz

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2020

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nr 2

46--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawy zastosowania powłok natryskiwanych cieplnie w ochronie elementów instalacji kotłowych, wskazano na ich przykładowe zastosowania oraz opisano przykłady zużycia powłok ochronnych. Podjęto próbę analizy przyczyn i mechanizmów zużycia powłok. Wskazano na możliwości świadomego prognozowania trwałości urządzeń energetycznych w oparciu o doświadczenia eksploatacyjne autorów publikacji.

EN

The article presents the basics of using thermally sprayed coatings in the protection of boiler plant components, shows their example applications and examples of protective coatings wear. An attempt was made to analyze the causes and mechanisms of coating wear. The possibilities of conscious forecasting of the durability of energy devices based on operational experience gained by the authors of the publication were pointed out.

2

Cyclic oxidation resistance of Co–9Al–9W new cobalt-based superalloy

Moskal Grzegorz, Tomaszewska Agnieszka, Migas Damian, Niemiec Dawid

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2019

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Vol. 40, nr 2

39--45

EN

Cobalt-based superalloys are class of new heat-resistant materials for components of turbine engines. The γ/γʹ phase microstructure similar to nickel-based analogue, provide excellent creep resistance as well as resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Superior high temperature resistance drives intensive development of Co-based superalloys. The aim of paper is assessment of high temperature oxidation behaviour of Co–9Al–9W alloy in as-cast state. The cyclic oxidation performance of Co–9Al–9W alloy was studied at temperature 800°C and 900°C. The cyclic oxidation test was carried out under laboratory air atmosphere with time of exposure 25 hours and multiplicity of it. The scale morphology after cyclic oxidation test was investigated. The evaluation of scale concerned macrostructure, microstructure, chemical and phase composition of surface. Surface of tested alloys after oxidation was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and light microscopy (LM). Obtained data revealed that Co–9Al–9W alloy showed acceptable resistance to cyclic test at temperature 800°C. The oxide scale at this variant showed mainly Co oxides as an dominant phase. At higher temperature – 900°C the strong effect of spallation of scale was observed as results of CoWO4 complex oxide formation.

PL

Celem pracy była charakterystyka odporności na utlenianie nowego typu stopów na bazie kobaltu umacnianych fazą Co3(Al, W). Ocenie poddano stop Co–9Al–9W (% at.) w stanie po odlaniu i homogenizacji. Wykonano próby odporności na utlenianie cykliczne w cyklach 25-godzinnych w atmosferze powietrza. Zakres prezentowanych badań obejmował pomiary masy próbek po kolejnych cyklach, ocenę stanu powierzchni z uwzględnieniem procesów jej odpadania, jak również charakterystykę składu chemicznego i fazowego powstałej zgorzeliny oraz jej budowę morfologiczną.

3

The Benefit of Binaural Hearing Among Listeners with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Pastusiak Anna, Niemiec Dawid, Kociński Jędrzej, Warzybok Anna

Archives of Acoustics

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2019

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Vol. 44, No. 4

709--717

EN

The performance of binaural processing may be disturbed in the presence of hearing loss, especially of sensorineural type. To assess the impact of hearing loss on speech perception in noise regarding binaural processing, series of speech recognition measurements in controlled laboratory conditions were carried out. The spatial conditions were simulated using dummy head recordings played back on headphones. The Intelligibility Level Difference (ILD) was determined by measuring the change in the speech reception thresholds (SRT) between two configurations of a masking signal source (N) and a speech source (S), namely the S0N90 condition (where numbers stand for angles in horizontal plane) and the co-located condition (S0N0). To disentangle the head shadow effect (better ear effect) from binaural processing in the brain, the difference between binaural and monaural S0N90 condition (so-called Binaural Intelligibility Level Difference, BILD) value was calculated. Measurements were performed with a control group of normal-hearing listeners and a group of sensorineural hearing-impaired subjects. In all conditions performance of the hearing-impaired listeners was significantly lower than normal-hearing ones, resulting in higher SRT values (3 dB difference in the S0N0 configuration, 7.6 dB in S0N90 and 5 dB in monaural S0N90). The SRT improvement due to the spatial separation of target and masking signal (ILD) was also higher in the control group (8.1 dB) than in hearing-impaired listeners (3.5 dB). Moreover, a significant deterioration of the binaural processing described by BILD was found in people with sensorineural deficits. This parameter for normal-hearing listeners reached a value of 3 to 6 dB (4.6 dB on average) and decreased more than two times in the hearing-impaired group to 1.9 dB on average (with a deviation of 1.4 dB). These findings could not be explained by individual average hearing threshold (standard in audiological diagnostics) only. The outcomes indicate that there is a contribution of suprathershold deficits and it may be useful to consider binaural SRT measurements in noise in addition to the pure tone audiometry resulting in better diagnostics and hearing aid fitting.