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1

The Use of Phosphate Binder for Ablation Casting of AlSi7Mg Modified TiB Alloy

Puzio Sabina, Kamińska J., Major-Gabryś K., Angrecki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 1

62--68

EN

The possibilities of using an inorganic phosphate binder for the ablation casting technology are discussed in this paper. This kind of binder was selected for the process due to its inorganic character and water-solubility. Test castings were made in the sand mixture containing this binder. Each time during the pouring liquid alloy into the molds and solidification process of castings, the temperature in the mold was examined. Then the properties of the obtained castings were compared to the properties of the castings solidifying at ambient temperature in similar sand and metal molds. Post-process materials were also examined - quartz matrix and water. It has been demonstrated that ablation casting technology promotes refining of the microstructure, and thus upgrades the mechanical properties of castings (Rm was raised about approx. 20%). Properties of these castings are comparable to the castings poured in metal moulds. However, the post-process water does not meet the requirements of ecology, which significantly reduces the possibility of its cheap disposal.

2

The Influence of the Modified Ablation Casting on Casts Properties Produced in Microwave Hardened Moulds with Hydrated Sodium Silicate Binder

Major-Gabryś K., Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Puzio S., Kamińska J., Angrecki M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 1

497--502

EN

The ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal the mould is destructed (washed out) using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. The process takes place while the casting is still solidifying. The following paper focuses on testing the influence of the modified ablation casting of aluminum alloy on casts properties produced in moulds with hydrated sodium silicate binder. The authors showed that the best kind of moulding sands for Al alloy casting will be those hardened with physical factors – through dehydration. The analysis of literature data and own research have shown that the moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties for the modified ablation casting of Al alloys. In the paper the use of microwave hardened moulding sands has been proposed. The moulds were prepared in the matrix specially designed for this technology. Two castings from the AlSi7Mg alloy were made; one by traditional gravity casting and the other by gravity casting using ablation. The conducted casts tests showed that the casting made in modified ablation casting technology characterizes by higher mechanical properties than the casting made in traditional casting technology. In both experimental castings the directional solidification was observed, however in casting made by ablation casting, dimensions of dendrites in the structure at appropriate levels were smaller.

3

Effect of the Type of Inorganic Binder on the Properties of Microwave-Hardened Moulding Sands for Ablation Casting Technology

Puzio S., Kamińska J., Angrecki M., Major-Gabryś K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 4

1385--1390

EN

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using moulding sands based on inorganic binders hardened in a microwave chamber in the technology of ablation casting of aluminium alloys. The essence of the ablation casting technology consists in this that a mould with a water-soluble binder is continuously washed with water immediately after being poured with liquid alloy until its complete erosion takes place. The application of an environmentally friendly inorganic binder improves the ecology of the whole process, while microwave hardening of moulding sands allows moulds to be made from the sand mixture containing only a small amount of binder. The studies described in this article included microwave-hardened sand mixtures containing the addition of selected inorganic binders available on the market. The strength of the sands with selected binders added in an amount of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 parts by mass was tested. As a next step, the sand mixtures with the strength optimal for ablation casting technology, i.e. about 1.5 MPa, were selected and tested for the gas forming tendency. In the four selected sand mixtures, changes occurring in the samples during heating were traced. Tests also included mould response to the destructive effect of ablation medium, which consisted in the measurement of time necessary for moulds to disintegrate while washed with water. Tests have shown the possibility of using environmentally friendly, microwave-hardened moulding sands in ablation casting of aluminium alloys.

4

Effect of Reclaim Addition on the Mechanical and Technological Properties of Moulding Sands Based on Pro-Ecological Furfuryl Resin

Kamińska J., Puzio S., Angrecki M., Łoś A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 4

1425--1429

EN

Increasing demands are imposed on foundries to enforce the manufacture of castings characterized by tight dimensional tolerances, high surface finish and total absence of casting defects. To face these challenges, castings are increasingly made in loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin, commonly known as furan sands. In the group of self-hardening sands with synthetic resins, loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin enjoy the greatest popularity. The sand mixtures based on furan resins are usually subjected to mechanical reclamation. The consumption of binder and hardener and thus the cost of the sand depend on the quality of reclaim, and mainly on the dust removal degree.The planned tightening of the environmental protection regulations in the EU countries, including limiting the content of free furfuryl alcohol in resins and reducing the emission of furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde and BTEX compounds at workplaces, necessitated the development of a new generation of eco-friendly furfuryl resins that have recently appeared on the market. The main aim of this article was to determine the effect of reclaim content on the sand parameters, such as bending strength, tensile strength, bench life, gas-forming tendency and loss on ignition. Tests were carried out with reclaim content in the sand mixture varying from 50 to 90%. The reclaim obtained by dry mechanical reclamation was supplied by one of the domestic foundries. The results showed that the highest mechanical properties were obtained in sands containing 60% of the reclaim.

5

Effect of Bentonite Clay Addition on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Conventional Moulding Sands

Kamińska J., Puzio S., Angrecki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 1

111--116

EN

Bentonites and clays are included in the group of drilling fluids materials. The raw materials are mainly clay minerals, which are divided into several groups, like montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, biotite, muscovite, nontronite, anorthoclase, microcline, sanidine or rutile, differing in chemical composition and crystal lattice structure. Clay minerals have a layered structure forming sheet units. The layers merge into sheets that build up to form the structure of the mineral. The aim of the studies carried out in the ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Foundry Research Institute is to explore the possibility of using minerals coming from Polish deposits. The article outlines the basic properties of hybrid bentonites, which are a mixture of bentonite clay called beidellite, originating from overburden deposits of the Turoszów Mine, and foundry bentonite from one of the Slovak deposits. As part of the physico-chemical tests of minerals, measurements included in the PN-85/H-11003 standard, i.e. montmorillonite content, water content and swelling index, were carried out. Additionally, the loss on ignition and pH chemical reaction were determined. Based on the thermal analysis of raw materials, carried out in the temperature range from 0 to 1000⁰C, changes occurring in these materials during heating, i.e. thermal stability in contact with liquid metal, were determined. Examinations of the sand mixture based on pure clay and bentonite and of the sand mixture based on hybrid bentonites enabled tracing changes in permeability, compressive strength and tensile strength in the transformation zone as well as compactability referred to the clay content in sand mixture. Selected technological and strength parameters of synthetic sands are crucial for the foundry, because they significantly affect the quality of the finished casting. Based on the analysis of the results, the optimal composition of hybrid bentonite was selected.

6

Selection of Hardening Technology of Moulding Sand with Hydrated Sodium Silicate Binder Devoted to Aluminum Alloys Ablation Casting

Major-Gabryś K., Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Grabarczyk A., Kamińska J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 1

359--364

EN

The ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and watersoluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal, while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. The following paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate technologies for moulds devoted to the ablation casting of aluminum alloys. It has been proposed to use different types of moulding sands with a water-soluble binder, which is hydrated sodium silicate. The authors showed that the best kind of moulding sands for moulds for Al alloy casting will be moulding sands hardened with physical factors – through dehydration. The use of microwave hardened moulding sands and moulding sands made in hot-box technology has been proposed. The tests were carried out on moulding sands with different types of modified binder and various inorganic additives. The paper compares viscosity of different binders used in the research and thermal degradation of moulding sands with tested binders. The paper analyzes the influence of hardening time periods on bending strength of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate prepared in hot-box technology. The analysis of literature data and own research have shown that molding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties for the ablation foundry of Al alloys.

7

The Use of Floster S Technology in Modified Ablation Casting of Aluminum Alloys

Kamińska J., Angrecki M., Puzio S., Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Major-Gabryś K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 4

81--86

EN

Ablation casting is a technological process in which the increased cooling rate causes microstructure refinement, resulting in improved mechanical properties of the final product. This technology is particularly suitable for the manufacture of castings with intricate shapes and thin walls. Currently, the ablation casting process is not used in the Polish industry. This article presents the results of strength tests carried out on moulding sands based on hydrated sodium silicate hardened in the Floster S technology, intended for ablation casting of the AlSi7Mg (AK7) aluminium alloy. When testing the bending and tensile strengths of sands, parameters such as binder and hardener content were taken into account. The sand mixtures were tested after 24h hardening at room temperature. The next stage of the study describes the course of the ablation casting process, starting with the manufacture of foundry mould from the selected moulding mixture and ending in tests carried out on the ready casting to check the surface quality, structure and mechanical properties. The results were compared with the parallel results obtained on a casting gravity poured into the sand mould and solidifying in a traditional way at ambient temperature.

8

Strength Properties of Ceramic Moulds Containing Spent Moulding Sand After Initial Reclamation

Angrecki M., Kamińska J., Jakubski J., Wieliczko P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 3

5--10

EN

The results of testing the strength properties of experimental ceramic materials containing spending moulding sand after initial mechanical reclamation as a material for subsequent layers of the stucco composition were presented. Tests were carried out on spent moulding sands from various foundry technologies, i.e. sand with furfuryl resin and sand with hydrated sodium silicate. The spent, agglomerated moulding sand has undergone a crushing process. Next, the required granular fractions used for individual layers of the stucco material were separated. Ceramic samples, in which the spent moulding sand was a substitute for fresh silica sand in successive layers of the stucco composition, were prepared. As a reference material, identical ceramic samples were used but with all layers made from the fresh silica sand. Samples prepared in this way were used to determine the bending strength of ceramic materials in the temperature range from 20 to 900ºC. The obtained values of the bending strength have demonstrated that spent moulding sand can be used in investment casting with no adverse effect on the strength of ceramic materials.

9

Microwave-Hardened Moulding Sands with Hydrated Sodium Silicate for Modified Ablation Casting

Puzio S., Kamińska J., Major-Gabryś K., Angrecki M., Hosadyna-Kondracka M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

91--96

EN

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using moulds made from the environmentally friendly sands with hydrated sodium silicate in modified ablation casting. The ablation casting technology is primarily intended for castings with diversified wall thickness and complex shapes made in sand moulds. The article presents the effect of binder content and hardening time on the bending strength Rgu of moulding sands with binders based on hydrated sodium silicate hardened by microwave technology. The aim of the research was to develop an optimal sand composition that would provide the strength necessary to make a mould capable of withstanding the modified ablation casting process. At the same time, the sand composition should guarantee the susceptibility of the mould to the destructive action of the ablation medium, which in this case is water. Tests have shown that microwave hardening provides satisfactory moulds’ strength properties even at a low binder content in the sand mixture.

10

Wybrane metody badań powłok ochronnych stosowanych na formy i rdzenie odlewnicze

Wildhirt E., Jakubski J., Sapińska M., Sitko S., Kamińska J.

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa

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2018

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Vol. 58, no. 2

125--131

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostały wybrane metody badań związane z powłokami ochronnymi stosowanymi na masy formierskie i rdzeniowe w odlewnictwie. Metodykę badawczą podzielono na badania właściwości technologicznych mas formierskich i rdzeniowych pokrytych powłokami (tj. parametr hot distortion po naniesieniu powłok na formy wykonane z sypkich mas samoutwardzalnych ze spoiwami organicznymi) i fizykochemicznych (lepkość) gotowych powłok. Do badań wykorzystano powłoki z rozpuszczalnikami wodnymi oraz alkoholowymi. Formy przygotowano z sypkich mas samoutwardzalnych z żywicą furfurylową oraz fenolowo-formaldehydową, które zostały pokryte wodną powłoką oraz powłoką alkoholową. Badania przeprowadzono w Katedrze Tworzyw Formierskich, Technologii Formy i Odlewnictwa Metali Nieżelaznych na Wydziale Odlewnictwa AGH w Krakowie oraz w Instytucie Odlewnictwa w Krakowie.

EN

This article presents selected research methods related to protective coatings used for sand moulds and cores in the foundry industry. The research methodology has been divided into studies of the technological properties of sand moulds and cores with applied coatings (the measurement of hot distortion parameter after deposition of coatings onto moulds made of loose self-hardening sands with organic binders) and physico-chemical properties (viscosity) of finished coatings. Coatings with aqueous and alcohol solvents were tested. Moulds were prepared from loose self-hardening sand mixtures with furfuryl and phenol-formaldehyde resins and were coated with water-based coatings and alcohol-based coatings. Studies were carried out in the Department of Moulding Materials, Mould Technology and Cast Non-Ferrous Metals at the AGH Faculty of Foundry Engineering in Krakow and at the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow.

11

Charakterystyka wodnych i alkoholowych powłok ochronnych nowej generacji i ich wpływ na jakość warstwy wierzchniej odlewu

Kamińska J., Angrecki M., Palma A., Puzio S.

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa

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2018

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Vol. 58, no. 4

227--234

PL

Rosnące wymagania odbiorców odlewów dotyczące dokładności wymiarowej oraz chropowatości powierzchni odlewów wymuszają na producentach (odlewniach) stosowanie powłok ochronnych na formy i rdzenie. Celem nanoszenia powłok jest: zabezpieczenie przed przypalaniem się (przywarciem) tworzywa formy do odlewu, zmniejszenie chropowatości powierzchni odlewów, ułatwienie usunięcia odlewu z wnęki formy. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nowej generacji powłok wieloskładnikowych, przeprowadzone zgodnie z polską normą PN-H-11011:1997. Zbadano gęstość badanych powłok, zawartość substancji suchej, wskaźnik sedymentacji oraz ilość wydzielanych przez powłoki gazów. Przeprowadzono również wytopy mające na celu określenie wpływu zastosowanych powłok na jakość powierzchni zewnętrznej odlewów staliwnych.

EN

The increasing requirements of casting users regarding the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of castings force the manufacturers, i.e. foundries, to use protective coatings on moulds and cores. Coatings are applied in order to protect the casting against the burn-on defects (mould material adhering to the casting surface), to reduce the surface roughness of castings, and to facilitate casting removal from the mould cavity. This paper presents the results of studies of multi-component coatings of the new generation made in accordance with the Polish Standard PN-H-11011:1997. Tests included the density of coatings, the content of dry matter, the sedimentation index and the amount of gas emitted by the coating. Melts were made to determine the impact of coating on the quality of the external surface of steel castings.

12

Laboratoryjna diagnostyka zarażeń Taenia solium i Taenia saginata

Bożym A., Bojanowska A., Koper O. M., Kamińska J., Kemona H., Matowicka-Karna J.

Laboratorium Medyczne

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2018

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nr 2

24--29

PL

Diagnostyka Taenia spp. opiera się na badaniach obrazowych i badaniu mikroskopowym próbki kału, w której poszukuje się jaj pasożyta. Ze względu na podobieństwo morfologiczne niemożliwe jest rozróżnienie jaj T. solium od T. saginata, dlatego do określenia gatunku może posłużyć badanie histologiczne, polegające na stwierdzeniu obecności haków na skoleksie lub ich braku oraz określeniu liczby odgałęzień macicy obecnych w dobrze zachowanych proglotydach macicznych. Bardzo przydatne jest wykorzystanie metody wycieru okołoodbytniczego w celu znalezienia jaj T. saginata. Wykrywanie swoistych przeciwciał klasy IgG stosuje się w przypadku podejrzenia wągrzycy jako uzupełnienie badań obrazowych; badanymi materiałami mogą być surowica, płyn mózgowo-rdzeniowy i ślina.

EN

The diagnosis of Taenia spp. is based on medical imaging and microscopic examination of a stool sample in which the parasite’s eggs are sought. Due to their morphological similarity, it is impossible to differentiate the eggs of T. solium from T. saginata, therefore in order to determine the species, histological examination may be used, which evaluates the presence or absence of hooks on the scolex, and the number of uterine branches present in well-preserved uterine proglotids. A perianal swab is very useful to find T. saginata eggs. The detection of specific IgG antibodies, as a complement to the imaging methods, is used when cysticercosis is suspected; serum, cerebrospinal fluid and saliva may be the tested materials.

13

Kleszczowe zapalenie mózgu - badanie ogólne i cytodiagnostyka płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego

Kamińska J., Koper O. M., Sawicki K., Bojanowska A., Kubiszewska I., Grygorczuk S., Matowicka-Karna J., Kemona H.

Laboratorium Medyczne

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2018

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nr 1

45--51

PL

WSTĘP: Celem pracy była ocena badania ogólnego, cytozy i cytodiagnostyki płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego (PMR) w fazie ostrej kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu (KZM I) oraz po 2 tygodniach leczenia (KZM II). MATERIAŁ I METODY: Parametry biochemiczne w PMR oznaczono na analizatorze biochemicznym, cytozę policzono w komorze Füchsa-Rosenthala, preparat przygotowano w cytowirówce. WYNIKI: Parametry biochemiczne w PMR były wyższe w ostrej fazie KZM I w porównaniu do KZM II. W obu grupach KZM obserwowaliśmy pleocytozę. W badaniu cytologicznym PMR w ostrej fazie dominowały limfocyty nad neutrofilami. WNIOSKI: Badanie PMR w pierwszych dniach KZM nie pozwala na jednoznaczne ustalenie etiologii zapalenia opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych. W tym okresie diagnostyka powinna być uzupełniona o badania serologiczne PMR i surowicy.

EN

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was the evaluation of the routine analysis, cytosis and cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the acute phase of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE I) and after 2 weeks of treatment (TBE II). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biochemical parameters in CSF were determined in a biochemical analyzer, cytosis was counted in the Füchs-Rosenthal chamber, the smear was prepared in a cytocentrifuge. RESULTS: The biochemical parameters in CSF were higher in the acute phase of TBE I as compared to TBE II. We observed pleocytosis in both groups of TBE. In the cytological examination of CSF in the acute phase the lymphocytes dominated over the neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: The CSF examination in the first days of TBE does not allow for the clear determination of the etiology of meningitis. During this period, diagnostics should be completed with the serological tests of CSF and serum.

14

Cytodiagnostyka płynów z jamy ciała uzupełniona metodą cytometrii przepływowej - aspekt kliniczny a potrzeba standaryzacji procedur diagnostycznych

Koper-Lenkiewicz O. M., Rusak M., Kamińska J., Ruczaj A., Bogojło A., Chociej-Stypułkowska J., Dąbrowska M., Matowicka-Karna J.

Laboratorium Medyczne

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2018

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nr 3

40--45

PL

Ocena preparatu cytologicznego jest pierwszym, szybkim i przesiewowym etapem diagnozowania przyczyny gromadzenia się płynu w jamie ciała w przebiegu nowotworów układu hematologicznego. Metodą wspomagającą klasyfikację komórek jest immunofenotypowanie wykonywane metodą cytometrii przepływowej. CEL. Celem pracy był opis dwóch przypadków, w których badania cytologiczne płynu z jamy ciała wskazały na obecność nieprawidłowych komórek. W obu przypadkach diagnostyka została uzupełniona o analizę fenotypu komórek metodą cytometrii przepływowej, przeprowadzonej po 24 godzinach od momentu pobrania płynu. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Analiza retrospektywna wyników badania ogólnego, mikroskopowego oraz immunofenotypowego płynów z jam ciała wykonanych w Zakładzie Laboratoryjnej Diagnostyki Klinicznej oraz Zakładzie Diagnostyki Hematologicznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku. WYNIKI. W obu analizowanych przypadkach zarówno badanie makroskopowe, jak również ocena parametrów fizycznych i biochemicznych wskazały na płyn z przewagą cech płynu wysiękowego. W preparatach cytologicznych stwierdzono obecność komórek atypowych/komórek o cechach komórek młodych. Badanie metodą cytometrii przepływowej wykazało obecność nowotworu hematologicznego, ale – co ważne – obserwowano duży odsetek (ok. 90%) komórek CD45 – ujemnych, co oznacza, że w badanym płynie znajdowały się komórki nienależące do komórek krwiotwórczych. WNIOSKI. Badanie cytologiczne płynów z jam ciała w przebiegu nowotworów hematologicznych powinno być uzupełnione o diagnostykę immunofenotypu komórek, która jednoznacznie może potwierdzić etiologię gromadzenia się płynu. Standaryzacji wymagają jednak procedury fazy przedanalitycznej, pobrania i transportu materiału, jakim jest płyn z jamy ciała, na badanie metodą cytometrii przepływowej.

EN

The evaluation of a cytological smear is the first, rapid and screening test useful in diagnosing the cause of an effusion in the body cavity in the course of haematological malignancies. The method supporting the classification of cells is immunophenotyping by using flow cytometry. AIM. The aim of the study was to describe two cases in which the cytological examination of the body cavity fluid indicated the presence of abnormal cells. In both cases, the diagnostics was supplemented with cell phenotype analysis by using flow cytometry, carried out 24 hours after the fluid collection. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A retrospective analysis of the general, microscopic, and immunophenotypical examination results of the body cavity fluids performed at the Department of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics and the Department of Haematological Diagnostics of the Medical University of Białystok. RESULTS. In the described cases, both macroscopic examination and the assessment of the physical and biochemical parameters indicated a fluid with the predominance of exudate characteristics. The analysis of the cytological smears revealed the presence of atypical cells or cells with the characteristics of young cells. The flow cytometric analysis showed the presence of hematological malignancy, but more importantly, a large percentage (around 90%) of CD45 – negative cells was observed, which means that the cells in the examined fluids were not hematopoietic cells. CONCLUSIONS. The cytological examination of body cavity fluids in the course of haematological malignancies should be supplemented with the diagnostics of cell immunophenotype, which can unambiguously confirm the aetiology of the exudate accumulation. However, the standardization of the pre-analytic phase procedures concerning the collection and transport of body cavity fluid for the flow cytometry testing is required.

15

Mathemathical Equations of the Influence of Molybdenum and Nitrogen in Welds

Węgrzyn T., Kamińska J., Piwnik J., Stanik Z.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 1

83--86

EN

The paper offers mathematical equations of the influence of micro-jet cooling on structure and impact toughness properties of metal weld deposit. Weld metal deposit (WMD) was carried out for standard MIG welding and for MIG welding with micro-jet cooling. This new method is very promising mainly due to the high amount of AF (acicular ferrite) and low amount of MAC (selftempered martensite, retained austenite, carbide) phases in WMD. That structure corresponds with very good mechanical properties ie. good impact toughness of welds at low temperature. Micro-jet cooling after welding can find serious application in automotive industry very soon. Until that moment only argon, helium, nitrogen and gas mixtures of argon were tested for micro-jet cooling after welding. The best results of mechanical properties of WMD in presented welding method correspond with micro-jet argon cooling.

16

Effect of Mechanical Reclamation Cycle on Strength Parameters of Loose Self-Hardening Sands Based on Furfuryl Resin

Kamińska J., Basińska E., Angrecki M., Palma A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 4

1843--1846

EN

The results of mechanical reclamation of waste moulding sands with furfuryl resin and activators of new generation are presented. The aim of the research described in this study was to determine what effect the addition of reclaim obtained in the process of dry mechanical reclamation could have on the properties of furan sands. The sand supplied by one of the domestic foundries was after the initial reclamation subjected to a two-step proper reclamation process. The following tests were carried out on the obtained reclaim: pH, S and N content, loss on ignition and comprehensive sieve analysis. The obtained reclaim was next used as a component of moulding sands with furfuryl resin, wherein it formed 50% and 80% of the base moulding material, respectively. The strength properties of the ready sand mixtures (bending strength Rgu and tensile strength Rm u ) were determined after the hardening time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours.

17

Moulding Sand with Inorganic Cordis Binder for Ablation Casting

Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Major-Gabryś K., Kamińska J., Grabarczyk A., Angrecki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

110--115

EN

The essence of ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and a water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal, while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. This paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate for moulds used in the ablation casting. The research is based on the use of Cordis binder produced by the Hüttenes-Albertus Company. It is a new-generation inorganic binder based on hydrated sodium silicate. Its hardening takes place under the effect of high temperature. As part of the research, loose moulding mixtures based on the silica sand with different content of Cordis binder and special Anorgit additive were prepared. The reference material was sand mixture without the additive. The review of literature data and the results of own studies have shown that moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties to be used in the ablation casting process. Additionally, at the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow, preliminary semi-industrial tests were carried out on the use of Cordis sand technology in the manufacture of moulds for ablation casting. The possibility to use these sand mixtures has been confirmed in terms of both casting surface quality and sand reclamation.

18

Effect of Wall Thickness on the Microstructure of Ductile Iron Castings Manufactured by the Inmold Process Using a Reaction Chamber

Kamińska J., Angrecki M., Stefański Z., Palma A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

50--54

EN

In the family of iron-based alloys, ductile iron enjoys the highest rate of development, finding application in various industries. Ductile iron or the cast iron with spheroidal graphite can be manufactured by various methods. One of them is the Inmold spheroidization process characterized by different technological solutions, developed mainly to increase the process efficiency. So far, however, none of the solutions has been based on the use of a reactor made outside the casting mould cavity. The method of spheroidization inside the casting mould using a reaction chamber developed at the Foundry Research Institute is an innovative way of cast iron treatment. The innovative character of this method consists in the use of properly designed and manufactured reactor placed in the casting mould cavity. Owing to this solution, the Inmold process can be carried out in moulds with both horizontal and vertical parting plane. The study presents the results of examinations of the microstructure of graphite precipitates and metal matrix of castings after spheroidization carried out by the Inmold process using a reactor and mould with vertical parting plane. Special pattern assembly was made for the tests to reproduce plates with wall thicknesses of 3; 5; 7; 10; 20 and 30 mm. The content of residual magnesium was determined for all tested castings, while for castings of plates with a wall thickness equal to or larger than 10 mm, testing of mechanical properties was additionally performed.

19

Comparing the Effectiveness of Cast Iron Spheroidization by the Traditional Method and Using a Reaction Chamber (Reactor) Placed in Foundry Mould

Stefański Z., Kamińska J., Pamuła E., Angrecki M., Palma A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

191--195

EN

The effectiveness of cast iron spheroidization with FeSiMg master alloy by the traditional method and using a reaction chamber placed in the cavity of foundry mould was compared. The method of cast iron treatment in mould cavity using a reaction chamber is an innovative technology developed by the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow. The effectiveness of the spheroidization process carried out by both methods was checked on a series of test castings. The article also presents the results of metallographic examinations and mechanical testing, including the discussion of magnesium yield and its assimilation rate.

20

Szkło jako materiał ekspresji artystycznej

Kamińska J., Flak M.

Analit

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2018

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Nr 5

36

PL

Od wieków szkło jest materiałem wykorzystywanym w sztuce użytkowej oraz kulturze. Pierwsze próby uzyskania szkła prymitywnymi metodami opartymi o topienie intuicyjnie dobranego zestawu szklarskiego pozwalały otrzymywać barwne, krystaliczne, a zarazem transparentne ciało stałe o dobrych jak na tamte czasy właściwościach wytrzymałościowych. Wyżej wymienione właściwości szkła sprawiły, że stało się ono idealnym materiałem ozdobnym oraz użytkowym. Według archeologów pierwsza produkcja szkła odbywała się około 5000 lat temu w Egipcie i Mezopotamii, gdzie wytapiano masę szklaną przy otwartych ogniskach tworząc drobne naczynia i paciorki. W późniejszym czasie nauczono się otrzymywać szkło bezbarwne, zmieniano skład masy szklanej, wprowadzano nowe tlenki barwiące. Przez wieki produkcja szkła rozwijała się, aż w XVI w. była rozpowszechniona już w całej Europie. Wyroby szklane otrzymywane są takimi metodami jak: wydmuchiwanie, wytłaczanie, ciągnienie, walcowanie. Możliwość rozwoju gałęzi szkła artystycznego zawdzięczamy podatności masy szklanej na odbarwianie oraz barwienie, za pomocą związków pierwiastków takich jak: antymon, chrom, kobalt czy mangan. Główną rolę odgrywa także zdobienie wykonywane metodą hutniczą (na gorąco) oraz zdobniczą (na zimno) np. srebrzenie, złocenie, metalizowanie, fotochemigrafia.