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1
Content available High voltage batteries diagnostic
Prajwowski K., Mozga Ł.
Journal of KONES
|
2018
|
Vol. 25, No. 4
355--360
EN
Hybrid vehicles history begins between XIX and XX century because then has been constructed first hybrid vehicle project. The first men who produced electric propulsion mounted in front hubs connected with generator powered by spark ignition engine was Ferdynand Porsche. Vehicle was called Lohner – Porsche Electromobile. The first en masse produced hybrid vehicle was the first generation Toyota Prius. These model premiere was in 1996, and production started one year later. Vehicle was equipped in 1,5 dcm 58 hp spark ignition engine with added electric propulsion generated 40 mechanical hp. There has been mounting 72 hp spark ignition engine and 44 hp electric generator since 2000. Fuel consumption of these model was 5 liter on 100 km. Beginning XXI century 95% hybrid vehicles were Toyota Prius. The biggest competitor of Toyota Prius was Honda Insight. Lexus and Mercedes started producing hybrid vehicles few years later. The most popular brands selling hybrid vehicles are Toyota and Lexus – Toyota Motor Corporation. Article describes high voltage battery example diagnostic possibilities in a hybrid or electric vehicle. Constructing vehicle models using two propulsion systems (spark ignition engine and electric generator) cause development and increase control system devices. The measurements has been made by using various diagnostic devices for example: diagnostic scanner mega macs 66, high voltage battery tester. Reading faults code is not enough so it is necessary to use data list what describes this article.
2
Content available Possibilities of research electromagnetic fuel injectors
Osipowicz T., Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2017
|
Vol. 24, No. 2
167--175
EN
Article discusses issues concerning researching electromagnetic fuel injectors. These fuel system is using in automobiles all the time. Bosch Company declined piezoelectric fuel injectors and reverted to electromagnetic. There are known Denso, Delphi and Bosch electromagnetic fuel injectors. Article describes how to diagnose and repair it. Denso and Bosch fuel injectors have almost the same construction. These objects have very similar repair technology. Despite Denso fuel injectors has not manufacturer official repair technology it is possibility to regenerate it because there are tools and many spare parts available on the market. Article discusses construction and operation presented fuel injectors. There has been shown diagnostic parameters and how to analysis it. Researches have been made in laboratory handle; to research and repair Diesel injection systems. Article describes construction, operating testing and repairing of electromagnetic fuel injectors. The aim of the article is to present the possibilities of researching and repairing electromagnetic fuel injectors. The fuel unit injector testing and repair process is carried out. The tests were conducted in a specialist laboratory where fuel injectors, fuel unit injectors and fuel injection pumps are being regenerated. The setting of the opening pressure of fuel unit injector is a very important stage because it affects the volume of injection doses. The opening pressure of fuel unit injector should amount to 28 MPa. F
3
Content available Hybrid vehicle diagnostics
Prajwowski K., Osipowicz T.
Journal of KONES
|
2017
|
Vol. 24, No. 1
309--315
EN
The history of hybrid vehicles has started between the 19th and the 20th century because then the first project of a hybrid vehicle was constructed. The first man who manufactured a front hub mounted electric propulsion connected with a generator powered by a spark ignition engine was Ferdinand Porsche. This vehicle was called the Lohner- -Porsche Electromobile. The first mass-produced hybrid vehicle was the first generation Toyota Prius. The model premiere was in 1996 and the production started one year later. The vehicle was equipped with a 1.5 dcm 58 hp spark ignition engine and with the added electric propulsion. It generated 40 mechanical hp. Since 2000, a 72 hp spark ignition engine and a 44 hp electric generator were mounted. Fuel consumption of this model was 5 litres per 100 km. In the early 2000s, 95% hybrid vehicles were the Toyota Prius. The biggest competitor to the Toyota Prius was the Honda Insight. Lexus and Mercedes started manufacturing hybrid vehicles few years later. The most popular car brands that sell hybrid vehicles are Toyota and Lexus from Toyota Motor Corporation. This article describes an example of diagnostic possibilities for the hybrid vehicle system. The construction of vehicle models that use two propulsion systems (spark ignition engine and electric generator) results in the development and increase in control system devices. The measurements were made using various diagnostic devices, e.g. a diagnostic scanner, mustimeter, megohm-meter and oscilloscope. The reading of fault codes is not enough so it is necessary to use a mustimeter or a megohm-meter to examine the signal characteristics, which is presented in this article.
4
Content available Ocena wpływu dodatku ozonu na jakość spalin silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym
Prajwowski K., Gołębiewski W., Kordas M., Rakoczy R.
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
|
2017
|
Nr 4
138--139
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań jednostki wysokoprężnej (Fiat 1,3 JTD 16V MULTIJET). Praca miała na celu określenie wpływu ozonu na toksyczność spalin wylotowych. Zaobserwowano znaczącą redukcję toksyczności spalin poddanych oddziaływaniu ozonu.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained for the compression- ignition unit (Fiat 1,3 JTD 16V MULTIJET). The primary objective of this work was to determine the effect of ozone on exhaust gas toxicity. A significant increase in the reduction of exhaust gas toxicity was observed.
5
Content available Wpływ rodzaju opony na długość drogi hamowania przy różnych temperaturach zewnętrznych
Prajwowski K., Gołębiewski W.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2017
|
R. 18, nr 7-8
109--112
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania sprawdzające przyczepność opon do nawierzchni w zależności od parametrów technicznych opony, rodzaju drogi oraz warunków atmosferycznych. Na podstawie badania zostały wyciągnięte wnioski potwierdzające skuteczność stosowania opon zimowych w warunkach zalecanych oraz w letnich w innych sugerowanych warunkach.
EN
The article examines the tests of the adhesion of the tire to the surface, depending on the technical characteristics of the tire, the type of road and the weather conditions. Based on the study, lessons have been learned to demonstrate the effectiveness of winter tires under recommended and summer conditions under other suggested conditions.
6
Content available Mechanika transmisji momentu obrotowego w pojeździe wyposażonym w hybrydowy układ napędowy
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2017
|
R. 18, nr 7-8
75--77
PL
W artykule przedstawiono budowę i zasadę działania układu konstrukcyjnego wykorzystywanego do transmisji momentu obrotowego silników. Zaprezentowano również relacje opisujące podstawowe parametry pracy przekładni planetarnej zastosowanej w pojeździe toyota prius.
EN
In the article it was presented construction and operation of torque transmission drive system. There were displayed the relations that describes basic operational parameters of planetary gear used in toyota prius vehicle.
7
Content available Diagnostics of modern diesel engines on the example of Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet engine
Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2016
|
Vol. 23, No. 3
403--409
EN
Initially, electronic components replaced the mechanical ones to make various systems more reliable. Mechanical control systems, due to the wear of movable parts and imprecise adjustment, were affected by large errors, which are not shown by electronic circuits operating according to constant set-points. Then, a sharp increase in electronisation was associated with the tightening of exhaust gas emission regulations. Progress in some cases is forced by environmental protection, in other ones by market competition. Modern motor vehicles, slow moving vehicles, military vehicles, etc., are the technical systems being constructed using the latest developments in many fields of science, first of all in mechanics and machine engineering, electrical engineering, electronics, information technology, and chemistry. The rapid development of electronics has led to an increase in the number of electronic components in motor vehicles in all systems, starting with an engine, which has been modified first, to comfort and infotainment systems. The paper presents example measurements of sensors and actuators of an engine with Common Rail fuel supply system on the example of Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet engine. The measurements were made using various diagnostic instruments, such as a diagnostic tester, a multimeter or an oscilloscope. Sometimes, the reading of error codes with a diagnostic tester itself is not enough and it is necessary to check the signal waveform with an oscilloscope, which has been presented in this paper.
8
Content available Wpływ modułu zewnętrznego tzw. Box’a na skład spalin silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym
Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
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2016
|
R. 17, nr 8
31--34
PL
W artykule opisany został wpływ modułu zewnętrznego tzw. Box’a na skład spalin silnika Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet oraz ROVER 2.0 CDTi przy jednoczesnym pomiarze mocy i momentu obrotowego.
EN
The article described the influence of external module called Box on the engine exhaust Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet and ROVER 2.0 CDTi during measure power and torque.
9
Content available Relacje pomiędzy zasięgiem a parametrami trakcyjnymi pojazdu elektrycznego
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2016
|
R. 17, nr 8
93--96
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych zasięgu samochodu elektrycznego w zależności od jego parametrów trakcyjnych, związanych z ruchem pojazdu. Wywnioskowano, że ze wzrostem zdolności do przyspieszania i pokonywania wzniesień, znacząco zmniejsza się zasięg pojazdu.
EN
This paper presents simulation research results of electric vehicle range in dependence of traction parameters. Increase of acceleration ability and gradeability decreases range of vehicle.
10
Content available Możliwości diagnostyczne urządzenia Mega Macs 66
Prajwowski K., Gołębiewski W.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2016
|
R. 17, nr 8
136--138
PL
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości diagnostyczne urządzenia Mega Macs 66, które jest dość wszechstronne w diagnostyce silnika oraz innych układów pojazdów samochodowych.
EN
The article presents the diagnostic possibilities of equipment Mega Macs 66, which is quite versatile in the diagnosis of the engine and other systems of motor vehicles.
11
Content available The impact of alterations in control unit software on the BMW 3.0D engine power and torque
Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2015
|
Vol. 22, No. 3
201--206
EN
At present, there are different methods to increase the performance of compression-ignition engine with Common Rail fuel supply system. One of them is to use external modules of the Tuning Box type. These modules are the simplest and cheapest solution to increase power and torque and reduce fuel consumption. Another method is to re-programme original bitmaps in control unit memory. The charge storage is read from engine controller memory via a diagnostic connector to EDC16 engine control units or by mechanical intervention into the driver itself. It is a labour-intensive method, which involves removing the driver from a vehicle, dismantling the cover, unsoldering the memory chips, reading the data programmer and re-programming the memory chip. This method is used for vehicles equipped with EDC15 engine control units. The paper presents a modification of the control unit software of BMW E39 530D vehicle which increases its torque at low and medium engine rotational speed range by eliminating the so-called “turbo lag” and improves vehicle driving dynamics. Reading was done with EEPROM programmer device and software via an EOBD diagnostic connector; fuel injection, EGR valve, boost pressure and smoke limiter bitmaps were modified and the memory was re-programmed.
12
Content available Zastosowanie hamowni drogowej do wyznaczenia parametrów operacyjnych silnika
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2015
|
R. 16, nr 6
100-104
PL
W publikacji zaprezentowano możliwości hamowni drogowej do wyznaczania parametrów operacyjnych silnika do których należały : moment obrotowy, prędkość obrotowa oraz moc użyteczna jednostki napędowej. W artykule wykazano przydatność tej aparatury badawczej oraz porównano jej dokładność z dokładnością pomiarową urządzenia rolkowego hamowni podwoziowej.
EN
The paper presents abilities of a road dynamometer to determine engine operating parameters which included: torque, speed and power output of the drive unit. The article shows the usefulness of this test equipments and compared its accuracy with precision measuring devices roller chassis dynamometer.
13
Content available Zastosowanie hamowni drogowej do oceny właściwości ruchowych pojazdu
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2015
|
R. 16, nr 6
105-108
PL
Publikacja prezentuje możliwości hamowni drogowej do oceny właściwości ruchowych pojazdu do których należą: zdolność do przyspieszania, zdolność do hamowania. W artykule wykazano przydatność tej aparatury badawczej.
EN
In the publication it was presented abilities of road dynamometer to evaluation of traction properties of car (acceleration, ability to brake, motion resistances).
14
Content available Comparative analysis of the instantaneous fuel consumption of a car with different type of power train system under transient conditions
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2014
|
Vol. 21, No. 1
83--90
EN
The aim of this study was to compare instantaneous fuel consumption of a FIAT Panda car with three types of propulsion system applied: engine positioned front-lengthwise to the direction of travel and rear-wheel drive, engine positioned front-transversely to the direction of travel and front - wheel drive and all-wheel drive. The vehicle was equipped with a 1.3 JTD MultiJet compression-ignition engine being used for conducting experimental tests. This part was based on making the load characteristics (relationship between specific fuel consumption and engine torque) using engine dynamometer. This was made for given parameters corresponding to specific traffic conditions. They were determined in a simulation and were represented by rolling resistance and air resistance. Their value was affected by vehicle technical and operating characteristics and its design features, such as maximum weight, transmission system ratios, dynamic wheel radius, drag coefficient, width and height, and efficiency of propulsion system. The efficiency of power train system was adopted from a simulation conducted for different types of propulsion system. Apart from basic resistance, additional drag (inertia resistance) was the most important in vehicle energy balance. It played an important role in determining the value of instantaneous fuel consumption for variable velocity and constant acceleration values used in the UDC test (Urban Driving Cycle – subtest of the EUDC cycle). The lowest fuel consumption for a given car velocity was for front-wheel drive transmission system, whereas the highest for allwheel drive system (4x4).
15
Content available Analytical determination of the characteristics of engine power Fiat 1.3 JTD
Prajwowski K., Gołębiewski W.
Journal of KONES
|
2014
|
Vol. 21, No. 2
267--272
EN
Combustion engines are commonly used in car propulsion systems. They belong to a group of heat engines, i.e. those that convert the heat obtained from combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels into mechanical work. Engine parameters, such as power output (Pd ), torque (Ttq) and adaptability to variable traffic [motion] conditions, represent vehicle motion and its functional properties. The torque (Ttq) and the crankshaft speed (n) are measured directly with the use of dynamometer at specific measurement conditions but the power (Pd ) is determined indirectly. The relationships between these parameters are presented using external characteristics. They allow determination of engine adaptability to changes in the resistance to motion, i.e. its flexibility (E). In the paper, flexibility and analytical determination of the power and torque curves through application of Leidemann’s formulas are discussed. Results of the research conducted with the use of turbocharged compressionignition engine equipped with Common Rail fuel system are presented. The correlation between the power and torque curves based on Leidemann’s formulas and the real curves obtained on the basis of experimental research (with application of engine dynamometer) are verified. Finally, evaluation of the method applied for determining the power curves by the speed range of FIAT 1.3 JTD engine was made.
16
Content available Wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na drogę hamowania
Prajwowski K., Gołębiewski W.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2014
|
R. 15, nr 6
222-225
PL
W artykule przedstawiono skuteczność systemu ABS podczas różnych warunków atmosferycznych dla pojazdu Peugeot 206 oraz Hyundai SantaFe. Przedstawiono wyniki prób hamowania dla trzech prędkości na nawierzchniach o różnej przyczepności pojazdów wykorzystujących tradycyjny układ hamulcowy oraz układ hamulcowy wspomagany systemem ABS. Badana była długość drogi hamowania oraz dodatkowe aspekty takie jak stabilność pojazdu podczas hamowania.
EN
Article describes effectiveness of ABS system during various atmospheric conditions for Peugeot 206 and Hyundai SantaFe vehicles. There has been described results braking tests for three speeds on surfaces of the road with vehicles various skid using traditional and ABS braking system. There was researched way length and additional aspects like vehicle stability during braking.
17
Content available Tendencje rozwojowe w budowie sprzęgieł samochodów osobowych w aspekcie zużycia paliwa
Gołębiewski W., Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2014
|
R. 15, nr 6
128-131
PL
W artykule przedstawiono tendencje rozwojowe w konstrukcji sprzęgieł samochodów osobowych. Zwrócono uwagę na ich zużycie paliwa. Praca przedstawiała sprawność ogólną sprzęgieł ciernych i przekładni hydrokinetycznych. Wywnioskowano, że sprzęgła cierne są nadal jednymi z najbardziej ekonomicznych.
EN
The article presents the development of the construction of clutches used in passenger cars. The aspect of fuel consumption of these components is taken into consideration. The paper focuses on the overall efficiency of friction and hydrodynamic clutches. It is noted that friction clutches continue to be found in the group of the most economical ones.
18
Content available Możliwości diagnozowania silnika Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet
Prajwowski K.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2014
|
R. 15, nr 6
226-229
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykładowe pomiary czujników oraz elementów wykonawczych silnika o zasilaniu systemem Common Rail na przykładzie silnika Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet. Pomiarów dokonano za pomocą różnych urządzeń diagnostycznych jak np. multimetrem czy oscyloskopem. Czasami sam odczyt kodów błędów za pomocą testera diagnostycznego nie wystarcza i trzeba sprawdzić przebiegi sygnałów za pomocą oscyloskopu, co przedstawiono w niniejszym artykule.
EN
Article describes examples sensors measurements and performances elements Common Rail Fiat 1,3 JTD MultiJet engine. Measurements has been carried out with various diagnostic devices for example multimeter or oscilloscope. Sometimes error code reading by using diagnostic testing machine is not enough and it is necessary to check signals oscilloscope graphs what describes present article.
19
Content available Impact of an external, so called box, module on gases composition of the ROVER 2.0 CDTI engine
Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2013
|
Vol. 20, No. 3
323--329
EN
Environmental impact of the motor vehicle has been felt in every stage of the motor vehicle operation. In the initial phase of the operation, when the vehicle is new, the amount of pollutants getting into the environment is less than at the end of its life, before the scrapping. This is connected with wearing the engine during its operation. However, the need for better performance through the chiptuning or the Box type devices are quite common nowadays, but the impact on the environment may not exceed the permitted emission limits. The article describes the external, so-called Box, module and its impact on the change of the injector opening time, and also on the change of the ROVER 2.0 CDTi engine power and torque. The simplicity of this device lies in the fact that such a modification can be made by everyone who follows the installation instructions. It is not necessary to conduct the program reading, like in the case of a program exchange in the EEPROM or programming via the diagnostic connector EOBD. The external module (box) is connected between the ECU and the Common Rail injectors. Thus, the control program does not change, but the injector opening time is adequately increased.
20
Content available Impact of an external, so called box, module on power and torque of the fiat 1.3 JTD motor
Prajwowski K.
Journal of KONES
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, No. 1
327-332
EN
With the emergence of vehicles equipped with fuel injection systems with EDC electronic control system (Electronic Diesel Control) on the market, there appeared opportunity to make changes within the factory program of engine control management. This enables precise and differentiated shaping of the course of combustion. With the gradual development of the EDC different methods of intervention in the engine control program appeared, including exchange of the program in the EEPROM, connecting the external modules, so called Boxes, and programming via the EOBD diagnostic connector (European On Board Diagnosis). The article presents the external module, so-called Box and its impact on the variation in pressure in the Common Rail high pressure cell, and also on the power change and torque of the Fiat 1.3 JTD MultiJet engine. It is both the simplest and least effective method of increasing vehicle performance. Its simplicity lies in the fact that such a modification may be made by anyone who follows the installation instructions. There is no need to carry out program reading like in the event of program exchange in the EEPROM or programming by the EOBD diagnostic connector. The external module (box) is connected between the EDC and the fuel pressure sensor in the Common Rail cell. Thus, the control program does not change, but it is "cheated" by the module forcing from the EDC other values of signals controlling the actuators.
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