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The migrant crisis in the Mediterranean Sea 2015-2020 - case study of Greece and Libya

El Ghamari Magdalena, Daniiloudi-Zielińska Eleni

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

2022

XVI

1--15

The issue of uncontrolled migration to the European Union through the Mediterranean Sea is a phenomenon that has been with members of the com-munity for many years. In this article, the authors have analyzed the migration crisis between 2015 and 2020 in the context of two countries - Greece and Libya. The former was the most common transit route and destination for illegal immi-grants during the study period. Tens of thousands of people are still living on its territory, awaiting asylum or the possibility to travel to another EU country. In contrast, Libya (like Turkey) is regarded by migrants as the “door to a better world,” and it is through Libya that the main Central Mediterranean route passes. The sea route across the Mediterranean is chosen by citizens of both Middle East-ern and African countries.

Problem niekontrolowanej migracji do Unii Europejskiej przez Morze Śródziemne to zjawisko, które towarzyszy członkom wspólnoty od wielu lat. W niniejszym artykule autorki podjęły się analizy kryzysu migracyjnego w latach 2015-2020, w kontekście dwóch państw – Grecji i Libii. Pierwsze z nich było najczęściej wybieraną drogą tranzytową, jak również docelową dla nielegalnych imigrantów w badanym okresie. Do dzisiaj na jej terytorium przebywa w oczekiwaniu na azyl lub możliwość wyjazdu do innego państwa UE kilkadziesiąt tysięcy ludzi. Natomiast Libia (podobnie jak Turcja) traktowana jest przez migrantów jak „drzwi do lepszego świata” i to przez jej terytorium przebiega główny etap trasy środkowo-śródziemnomorskiej. Drogę morską przez Morze Śródziemne wybierają zarówno obywatele państw Bliskiego Wschodu, jak i Afryki.

Bezpieczeństwo kulturowe a orientalizm : konieczność współczesności?

El Ghamari Magdalena

Security Review

2017

nr 1(2)

8--21

In the situation of increasing unification of the activities of political, economic and cultural as well as increased military activity interpersonal contacts between representatives of individual countries is a necessity arising from joint interests, conferences, negotiations, economic and political or joint military action. Knowledge of the principles of dealing with cultural barriers in interpersonal communication helps to avoid many awkward and unpleasant situation, which could cast a shadow on interpersonal relationships at various levels of activity. This carries the possibility of the development of interpersonal contacts, including negotiations between representatives of different nations or groups of countries, which occur through the exchange between nations, social groups, thanks to lively contacts, economic, political or military. This last aspect is particularly important when it comes to safety culture and its relationship with orientalism and contemporary challenges to international security. This state of affairs affects primarily one aspect of contemporary international reality, ie. An endless era of the dominant presence of international disputes solved by force. Even more - a relatively frequent than international disputes are disagreements, disputes between states and entities other than sovereign states. Even a cursory analysis of the participation of NATO forces in operations last decade, shows that the use and the use of NATO forces need international negotiations based on an important community of interest.