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1

Test interface for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

Pękosławski B., Skibiński P., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 3

116--121

EN

The paper presents microcontroller-based interface for testing of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters testing and measurement of their parameters. The interface is proposed as a low-cost solution for laboratory stands with electrodynamic shakers. The proposed system contains power processing circuits for piezoelectric harvesters. The microcontroller sets circuit interconnections suitable for a given test, controls circuitry operation, acquires measurement results and presents them to a user. The investigated piezoelectric harvester parameters include optimal load resistance, maximum generated power, resonant frequencies and mechanical damping coefficient. Output power gain can be also examined for AC/DC converter topology with nonlinear voltage processing SSHI circuit.

2

Human machine interface for piezo control system

Plewiński P., Makowski D., Mielczarek A., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 4

155--160

EN

The increasing complexity of scientific experiments puts a large number of requirements on the systems, which need to control and monitor the hardware components required for the experiments. This article discusses three different technologies of developing Human Machine Interface (HMÏ) for the Piezo Control System (PCS) developed at the Lodz University of Technology (TUL). The purpose of the PCS system is compensating the detuning of a superconducting accelerating structure caused by the Lorentz force. A set of full-custom HMI operator interface was needed to operate the prototype device. In order to select the technology, which would best suit the requirements; the interface was designed and developed in native Qt, Qt Quick and EPICS. The comparison was made and their advantages and drawbacks are presented.

3

Capacitive MEMS accelerometer with open-loop switched-capacitor readout circuit

Szermer M., Amrozik P., Zając P., Maj C., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 4

139--145

EN

MEMS are one of the fastest developing branch in microelectronics. Many integrated sensors are widely used in smart devices i.e. smartphones, and specialized systems like medical equipment. In the paper we present the main parts of a system for measuring human movement which can be used in human balance disorder diagnosis. We describe our design of capacitive accelerometers and dedicated switched-capacitor readout circuit. Both will be manufactured as separate chips in different technological processes. The principle of operation, schematics and layouts of all parts of the system are presented. Preliminary simulations show that the proposed designs are applicable for the considered medical device.

4

Application of Allan variance in gyroscopic sensor noise analysis

Kotas R., Kamiński M., Marciniak P., Sakowicz B., Napieralski A., Kurzych A., Krajewski Z.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 1

10--15

EN

The paper presents the investigation of gyroscopic sensor noise properties used in the construction of body position detection device for posturographic testing. The first part shows the sources of noise in gyro sensors and their measurement methods. In the second part of the paper, the authors describe their own research on the efficiency of the calculation of the Allan variance (one of the popular noise evaluation methods) and the wrong concept of calculations acceleration. The article concludes with an explanation of the reasons for the lack of theoretical research and the results of practical measurements of the sensors used in the project.

5

A C++ shared-memory IPC framework for High-Throughput Data Acquisition systems

Ingles R., Orlikowski M., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 2

43--49

EN

High-Throughput Data Acquisition Systems are an essential part in many scientific experiments, and the processing of the large amount of data, represents a challenge in designing systems capable of managing such volume of data. Owing to the nature of this type of experiments, the processes responsible for gathering the data from devices that measure real-world phenomena, and those processes in charge of distributing the data to monitoring and/or controlling systems, shall communicate with accuracy and reliability. By running those processes concurrently in a multi-processor computer system, such requirements of accuracy and reliability can be achieved. In this paper, we present the design of a C++ framework, which implements a ring-buffer by using shared-memory as a fast mechanism of data communication among processes. Likewise, the framework controls the access to data in the shared ring-buffer by implementing inter-process synchronization objects in shared-memory. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been evaluated by evaluating the latency time from when a new data is written into the shared ring-buffer and the longest instant when such a data is gathered. After the experimental test, the results show that it is possible to develop a C++ framework for helping programmers to create data acquisition system when a high-throughput data-stream is involved, getting suitable performance by using shared-memory.

6

Embedded system for remote control of a 3D camera rig

Plewiński P., Makowski D., Mielczarek A., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2016

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Vol. 7, nr 3

87--91

EN

The production of stereoscopic motion pictures has been recently getting increasingly popular. To provide the best quality of the resulting image, the parameters controlled must precisely correspond to the values calculated by the stereoscopic image analysis platform or chosen by a camera operator. Currently no integrated system exists, which can provide remote monitoring and control of the parameters of 3D rig and cameras on it. The parameters should be controllable both by the Rig Controller software, tablet application or hand controller. The paper discusses an innovative system for remote control of 3D camera rig created within the Recording of 3D Image (ROS3D) research project. The system controls several parameters of both camera rig - stereo base, convergence and camera lenses - focus distance, aperture and focal length. Several approaches of implementation of a solution for the aforementioned problem are presented and compared. The first proposed approach used custom servo motor controller with CAN bus as the communication interface between connected devices, i.e. Rig Controller board and hand manipulators. Another solution contains a commercial servo motor controller connected to the Rig Controller board via RS232 and commercial hand controller. D-Bus Inter-Process Communication (IPC) system is used to communicate between the servo motor controller drivers and Rig Controller software.

7

Comparative study on various microbolometer structures

Nazdrowicz J., Szermer M., Maj C., Zabierowski W., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2016

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Vol. 7, nr 1

16--25

EN

Meaningful progress in the fields of MEMS is associated with the continuous development of the micromachining technologies. One of the most promising devices in MEMS is thermal sensors. When the first microbolometer appeared on the market, a huge interest in thermal detectors was observed. This paper is a short overview study on microbolometer geometry, different solutions and possibilities to implement them as electrical models.

8

Stereoscopic Image Acquisition for Analysis and 3D Cameras Calibration

Szubert A., Makowski D., Mielczarek A., Napieralski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2016

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Vol. 57, nr 12

27--30

EN

The paper presents a module for acquisition of stereoscopic image through SDI interface, designed for Registration of Stereoscopic Image project. As a component of an upgradable FPGA-based system for rapid calibration of 3D camera rigs, the module serves the purpose of acquiring an SDI stream from a set of two cameras and outputting it to either a dedicated SDI output or an HDMI output after processing in the FPGA. The upgradability was achieved with use of a combination of an FMC Carrier Card with the FMC module, which could be redesigned for higher data throughput and replaced in the future. There was no available solution meeting the requirements of the system at the time of the project. The necessary design requirements are discussed and a short specification is given.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje moduł do akwizycji obrazu stereoskopowego z użyciem interfejsu SDI, zaprojektowany dla projektu Rejestracja Obrazu Stereoskopowego 3D (ROS3D). Jako podzespół systemu opartego o układ FPGA do kalibracji zestawu dwóch kamer, urządzenie to ma za zadanie akwizycję i kondycjonowanie obrazu w formie strumienia SDI oraz konwersję obrazu wynikowego po analizie i przetworzeniu w FPGA na strumienie danych SDI bądź HDMI. Modułowość została osiągnięta z użyciem standardu FMC, który pozwala na wymianę pojedynczych komponentów systemu na ich odpowiedniki z lepszymi parametrami w przyszłości. Żadne rozwiązanie spełniające wymagania projektu nie było dostępne w czasie opracowywania systemu. W artykule omówione są wymagania projektu oraz krótka specyfikacja modułu.

9

Polyhedral Source-to-Source Compile

Adamski D., Jabłoński G., Perek P., Napieralski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2016

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Vol. 57, nr 12

3--13

EN

This paper describes a novel Polyhedral Source-to-Source Compiler (PSSC) that enables automatic recognition of parallel regions of C/C++ code and annotating them with OpenMP/OpenACC pragmas. The proposed source-to-source compiler uses polyhedral model to detect and optimize parallel loops. Loop optimization is done on intermediate code representation by Polly compiler and then it is mapped to original source code. This approach allows combining the simplicity and efficiency of Intermediate Representation (IR) code optimization with readability of output code. Experimental results show that the proposed compiler is able to reach the comparable performance to the original Polly compiler.

PL

Artykuł opisuje nowatorski kompilator typu source-to-source, który wykorzystuje model polihedralny do automatycznego wykrywania kodu C/C++, który może być wykonywany równolegle. Fragmenty kodu źródłowego, które mogą zostać zrównoleglone, są opatrywane pragmami OpenMP/OpenACC. Opisywany kompilator śledzi zmiany jakie zostały wprowadzone w kodzie pośrednim przez kompilator Polly, a następnie odwzoruje te transformacje w kodzie źródłowym. Przedstawione w artykule podejście umożliwia połączenie zalet wynikających z optymalizowania kodu pośredniego z możliwością łatwego przenoszenia na różne platformy kodu wysokopoziomowego. Przeprowadzone pomiary wydajności wykazały, że opracowany kompilator pozwala zrównoleglić kod wysokopoziomowy równie wydajnie jak bazowy kompilator Polly.

10

Human Machine Interface for Data Acquisition Systems Applied in High Energy Physics

Zelaya J., Makowski D., Perek P., Napieralski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2016

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Vol. 57, nr 12

14--21

EN

Nowadays high energy physics scientists build and design systems that are complex in terms of the huge amount of subsystems and individual components. A single subsystem may consist of a few tens of thousands digital and analogue channels and sensors. As a result, the data rates captured in modern systems may result in gigabytes per second. Complex systems could generate various alarms and provide other diagnostic information. Consequently, a huge number of variables are needed to control and monitor the system. It could be a real challenge to provide access to all alarms and diagnostic information in systems composed of thousands of channels. In this sense, it is necessary to develop a methodology of designing Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) that will be simple to use and allow describing of relatively complex systems. This paper describes an HMI scheme able to obtain and present data from High Energy Physics systems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate HMI panels dedicated for complex systems. The prototype HMI uses the demonstration PXIe-based Neutron Flux Monitor (NFM) developed by the Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science. This NFM is going to provide essential information for plasma operation in the ITER plant. The HMI involves a Graphical User Interface and an Alarm Management Scheme, all based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) framework. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) includes the use of several tools provided by the Control System Studio as well as JavaScript, rules and actions to dynamically present data to the operators. In regards to alarm management, a scheme is proposed to efficiently handle alarms by presenting the relevant information and controls to quickly react to alarms.

PL

Obecnie systemy wykorzystywane w eksperymentach fizyki wielkich energii składają się ze znacznej liczby podsystemów i komponentów. Pojedynczy podsystem może obsługiwać nawet kilkadziesiąt tysięcy kanałów cyfrowych i analogowych oraz sensorów, w wyniku czego ilość danych zbieranych przez system jest liczona w gigabajtach na sekundę. Skomplikowane systemy mogą generować różne alarmy i dostarczać inne informacje diagnostyczne. W związku z tym, sterowanie i monitorowanie systemów wymaga wielu zmiennych. Umożliwienie dostępu do wszystkich alarmów i informacji diagnostycznych w systemach składających się z tysięcy kanałów stanowi poważne wyzwanie. Z tego względu niezbędne jest opracowanie metodologii projektowania paneli operatorskich HMI (Human Machine Interface) zbudowanych w prosty sposób, jednak pozwalających na obsługę stosunkowo złożonych systemów. Artykuł przedstawia system HMI dedykowany do zbierania i wizualizacji danych z systemów fizyki wielkich energii. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena HMI dedykowanego dla skomplikowanych systemów. Opisywany prototypowy panel HMI wykorzystuje system monitorowania strumienia neutronów NFM (Neutron Flux Monitor), bazujący na standardzie PXIe, opracowany w Katedrze Mikroelektroniki i Technik Informatycznych. System NFM będzie dostarczał najważniejsze informacje dla użytkowania plazmy w ośrodku ITER. HMI składa się z graficznego interfejsu użytkownika GUI (Graphical User Interface) oraz Systemu Zarządzania Alarmami, zbudowanego w oparciu o platformę EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Interfejs HMI korzysta z narzędzi dostarczanych przez CSS (Control System Studio) oraz języka JavaScript, reguł i akcji, aby na bieżąco prezentować dane operatorom. W kwestii obsługi alarmów, zaproponowano schemat prezentacji właściwych informacji i metod obsługi, pozwalający w wydajny sposób zarządzać alarmami.

11

Closed-loop Laser Stabilization System

Plewinski P., Makowski D., Mielczarek A., Napieralski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2016

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Vol. 57, nr 12

22--26

EN

European XFEL project developed in Hamburg by Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron contains a linear accelerator capable of generating light pulses at extremely short wavelengths, which will enable observing short lasting phenomena at atomic scale. Mode-locked lasers are commonly used in such facilities. Laser diode driver (LDD) is a significant element in the beam monitoring system, which will be used in the XFEL laser. Its role is to provide constant current source, linear, noiseless, and accurate, that delivers exactly the current to the laser diode that it needs to operate for a particular application. To ensure stable power output to the laser diode, PI controller was implemented. The code of the PI routine was optimized to enable higher frequency of its execution, which should improve the regulation parameters. This paper presents the microprocessor-based laser diode driver that can be used for a free electron laser system. It focuses on the firmware based on a real-time operating system (RTOS) developed to provide good stability of PI regulation combined with high flexibility in terms of system control.

PL

European XFEL to projekt lasera z akceleratorem liniowym budowany w Hamburgu przez Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron. Jest zdolny do generowania impulsów światła o ekstremalnie krótkich częstotliwościach. Dzięki temu umożliwi obserwację krótkotrwałych zjawisk w skali atomowej. Lasery synchronizowane fazowo są powszechnie wykorzystywane w tego typu systemach. Sterownik Diody Laserowej (LDD) jest istotnym elementem systemu monitorowania wiązki laserowej, który zostanie użyty w laserze XFEL. Jest to liniowe źródło prądowe o stałym natężeniu i niskim poziomie szumów, którego zadaniem jest dostarczanie zadanego napięcia odpowiedniego do potrzeb konkretnego zastosowania. Kontroler PI został wykorzystany, aby zapewnić dostarczanie stałej mocy do diody laserowej. Kod kontrolera został zoptymalizowany tak, aby uzyskać wyższą częstość jego wykonania, co powinno mieć pozytywny wpływ na jakość regulacji. Artykuł przedstawia sterownik diody laserowej oparty na mikroprocesorze, który może być użyty w laserach na swobodnych elektronach. Opisane jest w szczególności oprogramowanie oparte o system czasu rzeczywistego, zaprojektowany tak, aby zapewnić wysoką stabilność regulacji kontrolerem PI oraz dużą elastyczność w zakresie sterowania.

12

Influence of Dry Cleaning on the Electrical Resistance of Screen Printed Conductors on Textiles

Kazani I., De Mey G., Klepacko R., Hertleer C., Guxho G., Van Langenhove L., Napieralski A.

Autex Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 3

146--153

EN

Electrically conducting inks were screen printed on various textile substrates. The samples were dry cleaned with the usual chemicals in order to investigate the influence of the mechanical treatment on the electrical conductivity. It was found that dry cleaning has a tremendous influence on this electrical conductivity. For several samples, it is observed that the electrical resistance increases with the square of the number of dry cleaning cycles. In order to explain this observation a theoretical model and a numerical simulation have been carried out, by assuming that dry cleaning cycles introduce a crack in the conducting layer. The theoretical analysis and the numerical analysis both confirmed the experimental observations.

13

Thermal modelling of modern processors using FEM and compact model

Galicia M., Zając P., Maj C., Szermer M., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2015

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Vol. 6, nr 3

110--116

EN

A variety of thermal models has been proposed to predict the temperatures inside modern processors. In this paper, we describe and compare two such approaches, a detailed FEMbased simulation and a simpler architectural compact model. It is shown that both models provide comparable results when it comes to predicting the maximal temperature, however there are also non-negligible differences when estimating thermal gradients within a chip. Furthermore, transient simulation results show some differences in temperature profile during processor heating.

14

Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis of some brain dysfunctions

Ciota Z., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2015

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Vol. 6, nr 1

1--5

EN

The paper presents an analysis of objective evaluation of speech quality. As an example, the recovering process after stroke for patients with vascular lesion of a central nervous system has been taken into account. Application of neural networks gives possibility for objective evaluation of speech quality of patient suffering from disorder of speech motor.

15

A simple multithreaded C++ framework for high-performance data acquisition systems

Ingles R., Perek P., Orlikowski M., Napieralski A.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2015

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Vol. 6, nr 2

29--34

EN

The data acquisition systems must be capable of process all the data produced by the source to ensure the highest level of accuracy, especially when it deals with hard real-time system monitoring task. However, the production of data is faster than the process to acquire and to process such a data. Using concurrency approach is an alternative to obtain the required level of performance and data processing. This paper presents the comparison between various C++ frameworks that by using multithreading technology and ringbuffer data structure allow data transfer in concurrent way. The comparison is based on the time interval between the instant when data is published and the instant when the data is gathered. These latency measurements have been taken using the configuration of one producer and two consumers for all evaluated frameworks. The results show that using standard C++ libraries to develop a simple framework it is possible to achieve suitable performance in order to fulfill the requirements of the high performance data acquisition systems described.

16

Polska mikroelektronika w technice kosmicznej

Jankowski M., Napieralski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2015

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Vol. 56, nr 12

7-14

PL

Artykuł przedstawia możliwości rozwoju mikroelektroniki w Polsce, w kontekście niedawnego przystąpienia Polski do Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej (ESA), co wiąże się z przyznaniem środków na projekty na potrzeby przemysłu kosmicznego. W tekście przedstawiono rozpoczynający się projekt mający na celu opracowanie i kwalifikację kosmiczną układów scalonych dla europejskiego przemysłu kosmicznego. W projekcie tym Katedra Mikroelektroniki I Technik Informatycznych Politechniki Łódzkiej wchodząca w skład specjalnie założonego konsorcjum, ma za zadanie opracować specjalizowane przetwornice DC/DC dla ESA.

EN

The paper present possibilities of advances in Polish microelectronics, related to recent joining of European Space Agency (ESA) by Poland. This fact means assignment of funds for projects for space industry. The paper describes a recently started project aimed for design and space characterization of integrated circuits for European space industry. Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science of Lodz University of Technology, being a member of specially founded consortium, is to design specialized DC/DC converters for ESA.

17

Simulation of medical data as a way of speeding up development of algorithms for a system for estimation of patient's health

Wenerski M., Tylman W., Napieralski A., Trafidło T., Waszyrowski T., Tomala R., Marciniak P., Kotas R., Kamiński M., Kulesza Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2014

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z. 74

631--639

PL

W artykule przedstawiono system wspomagania decyzji odnośnie do oceny stanu ogólnego pacjenta, ze szczególnym naciskiem położonym na choroby układu krążenia i układu oddechowego. Działanie tego systemu jest oparte na danych wejściowych ze standardowego monitora funkcji życiowych (w fazie rozwoju algorytmów dane są również symulowane). Sygnały są przetwarzane i analizowane za pomocą algorytmów opartych, przede wszystkim, na sieciach Bayesa. System na wyjściu powinien generować informację na temat wykrytych problemów, przyszłych zagrożeń, przyczyn pogorszenia zdrowia i propozycji dalszego leczenia.

EN

This paper presents decision support system for estimation of patient's general state, with particular stress laid on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It works in conjunction with a standard medical monitor, which provides asset of input signals (for development stage signals are also simulated). The signals are preprocessed and analysed by a set of algorithms, the core of which is based on Bayesian networks. As an output the system should give information about detected problems, eventual future threats, possible causes and suggestions for further treatment.

18

Project of open-source software platform for sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification and advanced ECG analysis

Kotas R., Kamiński M., Mazur P., Chłapiński Jakub, Sakowicz B., Napieralski A., Kurpesa M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 2a

64--67

PL

Artykuł prezentuje główny cel projektu, którym jest opracowanie otwartej platformy do stratyfikacji ryzyka nagłego zgonu sercowego w oparciu o przebiegi EKG z zapisów holterowskich na postawie znanych i zweryfikowanych klinicznie wskaźników: mikrowoltowej naprzemienności załamka T, turbulencji rytmu serca, zmienności rytmu zatokowego i współczynnika akceleracji/deceleracji rytmu serca.

EN

This paper presents the main goal of the “Sudden Cardiac Death risk stratification based on functional assessment of autonomic nervous system with the use of Holter methods” project, which is development of unified, generally available, extendable, open-source software platform for ECG signal analysis from numerous types of Holter recorders, allowing for high-risk markers assessment. Realization of this project would greatly simplify selection of high-risk patients.

19

Analytical Thermo-electric Model of Uncooled Microbolometer

Zając P., Maj C., Szermer M., Lobur M., Napieralski A.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2013

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Vol. 37, No. 3

99-105

EN

Modelling of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a field of active research. An analytical model of a MEMS device allows significantly reducing the design time because simulating such a model is much faster than Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The main idea presented in this paper is the analytical thermo-electric model of uncooled microbolometer. It is shown that the model gives accurate results for a wide range of geometric parameters and material properties.

20

Prototype of an Integrating Current Transformer for Beam Intensity Measurements in the Large Hadron Collider

Krupa M, Napieralski A

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2013

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Vol. 4, nr 1

32--36

EN

The beam intensity (number of particles forming the beam) in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is measured by eight current transformers. The average beam current is monitored by the four DC Current Transformers (DCCTs) and the range from a few hundred hertz to over a gigahertz is covered by the four Fast Beam Current Transformers (FBCTs). During the early run of the LHC the beam intensity measured by the FBCTs was observed to be correlated to the beam position and charge distribution. To address the consequential limitations a prototype of an Integrating Current Transformer (ICT) has been developed at CERN as a possible future replacement of the FBCTs. In this article, its design, principle of operation along with results of first beam tests are presented. The measured beam-position-dependency of the ICT has been improved, compared to the FBCT, by a factor of 35 and 50 in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively.