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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2023

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Utilization of Tar Waste from the Gasification Process of Landfill Waste as a Disinfectant

Pramadaningtyas Putri Segi, Rachmawati Siti, Setyono Prabang, Himawan Widhi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 10

315--323

Gasification is a combustion process that can converts waste into electricity. Tar waste is liquid waste from the gasification process that has not been managed and utilized. Tar waste contains toxic compounds that can pollute the environment if they enter it. Tar waste has the potential to be used as a raw material for disinfectants because it contains phenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds This study aims to determine the potential of tar waste as a disinfectant based on antibacterial activity tests and phenol coefficient tests with Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. Tar waste was tested for its antibacterial activity to determine the effective concentration between with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% that has the potential to be an active ingredient in disinfectants. The effectiveness of the disinfectant was measured by the coefficient value of tar waste compared to 5% phenol against the Salmonella typhimurium test bacteria. If the coefficient value is equal to or greater than 1, it is said that tar waste is effectively used as a disinfectant. The results showed that the effective concentration of tar waste as a raw material for disinfectant through the antibacterial activity test was 100% with an inhibition zone diameter of 0.275556 mm in the weak category. The phenol coefficient value of 100% tar waste is 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that tar waste with a concentration of 100% is not yet effective as a raw material for disinfectant according to SNI 1842:2019.

Changes in the Distribution of Air Pollutants (Carbon Monoxide) during the Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Suhardono Sapta, Septiariva Iva Yenis, Rachmawati Siti, Matin Hashfi Hawali Abdul, Qona'ah Niswatul, Nirwana Bayu, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko, Sari Mega Mutiara, Prayogo Wisnu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 4

151--162

The condition of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 characterizing DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta Provinces which have a high population density in 2019, necessitates implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) to control or break the chain of the spread of COVID-19. The LSSR policy that limits community activities, be it business activities, transportation, and the industrial sector, will impact social activities and the environment due to the reduced intensity of community activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Jakarta, Surabaya and Yogyakarta during the pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. The method used is the tropospheric CO concentration extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite data. The CO data were retrieved and calculated using Google Earth Engine. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced CO level by 19.7%, 14.9%, and 21%, respectively. The paired t-test shows no significant difference from before the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significance of 0.05. The highest pre-pandemic average and total CO concentration levels were 0.042 and 1.0198 mol/m2 in Yogyakarta, respectively, whereas the lowest during the pandemic were 0.02845 and 0.6828 mol/m2 in Surabaya. Overall, the three cities have a weak relationship between CO level and precipitation as well as temperatures and CO level.