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3 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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Substatiating the Ecological Ways of Potassium Balance Regulating in Soil

Nikitina Olha, Vasylenko Olha, Balabak Alla, Balabak Oleksandr, Hnatiuk Nataliia, Hurskyi Ihor, Honchar Nataliia, Khimich Mariia, Rassadina Iryna, Shevchenko Nataliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 8

198--206

The purpose of the researches was to determine how the potassium balance depended on fertilizing system and how it influenced crop productivity. The experimental part of the work was carried out under the conditions of continuous (since 1964) stationary experiment of the Chair of Agrochemistry and Soil Science the basis of which is a 10-field crop rotation deployed in time and space. The soil of the experimental plots is ashed heavy loamy black soil on loess. For simplifying balance calculations, the number of comparable and equal articles in the coming part and in the extracted one was reduced. It was considered that the total potassium amount which came from the atmosphere and with seeds was responsible for erosion losses and those from washing off. The results obtained show that potassium balance and its intensity in every rotation was formed unevenly and depended considerably on the level of its coming together with fertilizers and removing when harvesting. It has been proved that when increasing the used fertilizer dose, the balance volume rises which characterizes potassium circulation size in agrocenosis. The potassium balance data analysis when leaving unmarketable part in the field has displayed that its intensity increases significantly. Leaving the unmarketable part of the harvest in the field balances potassium in the soil significantly without using high mineral fertilizer doses which entails a number of ecological problems. It has been defined that the majority of crop productivity can be observed at a potassium balance of -30 kg (kg per year). Only clover productivity at a more negative potassium balance has decreased which testifies to its wider tolerance zone as to the given nutrient content in the soil compared to other crop rotations.

Ecological and Agrochemical Evaluation of Continuous Mineral Fertilizer Usage in Field Сrop Rotation

Nikitina Olha, Vasylenko Olha, Balabak Alla, Balabak Oleksandr, Hnatiuk Natalia, Hurskyi Ihor, Ketskalo Viktoriia, Rassadina Iryna, Khimich Mariia, Zalizniak Anton

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 11

124--133

Fertilizers have a significant influence on the forming of the circulation of substances and energy in soils, agroecological state of lands, as well as the quality of agricultural products. Fertilizers and ameliorants, as some of the most effective means of restoring soil fertility, have a considerable influence on the agroecological condition and agrochemical indicators of arable soils in the process of their agricultural usage. The article researched such ecological aspects of using mineral fertilizers as changing the chlorine content in soil solution, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in soil intake complex as well as gross sodium content in soil after continuous usage of fertilizers in field crop rotation. The experimental part of the work was done in continuous stationary experiment in the field rotation of grain and beet crops with a set of crops traditional for the region defined in 1964. It was defined that the chlorine of fertilizers does not produce stable compounds in soil and migrates a lot in its profile. Using fertilizers in field crop rotation in a dose of 45–135 kg of K2O/ha does not contribute to chlorine increase in physiologically active 1.5 m deep soil layer. At continuous fertilizer usage, there have been essential changes in the ashed fertile soil in the composition of its intake complex – the number of calcium and magnesium exchangeables has decreased, which entails worsening of the physical and chemical qualities and as a result leads to decreasing fertility level. The research results have evinced that the ratio between magnesium and potassium in a soil intake complex drops to 2.6–3.6 as a result of continuous potassium with fertilizer usage, according to the checking data without fertilizer application it makes up – 4.2, which corresponds to optimal ratio of Mg : K = 2–5.

Study of the Hydrosystem and Environmental Monitoring of Water Quality of the Ponds and Water Sources in the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine

Balabak Oleksandr, Muzyka Hryhorii, Balabak Alla, Vasylenko Olha, Nikitina Olha, Hnatiuk Nataliia, Rumiankov Yurii, Porokhniava Olha, Tsybrovska Nadiia, Hurskyi Ihor

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 3

178--187

At present, the problem of the availability of high-quality fresh water is urgent. The reservoirs from which water is extracted are running low. The amount of fresh water on the planet has decreased significantly in recent years. A big problem for the use of fresh water is its pollution. Groundwater remained relatively clean, but even when used, it needs to be controlled. Goal of research was the quality control of water from ponds and water sources in the National Dendrological Park (NDP) "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine in terms of physicochemical and bacteriological indicators and a study of the park's hydrosystem. When conducting research, potentiometric, gravimetric, titrimetric, colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used. The hydrosystem of the NDP "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine, created during the period of its foundation, has basically retained its planning forms and all its artificial structures. The water system is an important environmental factor that contributes to the quality development of plants, and also has an aesthetic value. The analysis of the results of a study of the physicochemical and bacteriological composition of drinking water from the studied water catchments showed that the water is safe for consumption in terms of such indicators as the content of sulfates, nitrites, chlorides, but contains a significant amount of nitrates and has a high hardness, which can contribute to the development of a number of diseases. Long-term consumption of such water will have a negative impact on the human body. In all water samples from the capture, the growth of common coliforms in 100 cm3 and the presence of Escherichia coli were found, which is dangerous when drinking unboiled water and can bring to intestinal infectious diseases. According to the obtained experimental results of the quality of the studied water samples from the Krasnostavsky, Upper and Lower ponds of the NDP "Sofiyivka" NAS of Ukraine, the general physical and chemical indicators fully comply with the established standards, but the results of studies of the ponds in terms of bacteriological indicators, namely the index of lactose-positive E. coli indicate their significant excess and non-compliance with the standards in the Krasnostavsky and Verkhny ponds by 48 and 12 times, respectively.