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2 Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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Floods and droughts as a result of deformability of the geological environment

Kapochkina A., Kapochkin B., Kucherenko N., Uchytel I.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2015

Vol. 3, Iss. 2

3--7

The water content of the rivers is formed by atmospheric precipitation and underground waters. Influence of underground waters on water content of the rivers cannot be measured. It is shown that the volume of underground water exchange is underestimated and can be commensurable with a volume of atmospheric precipitation. Change of level of underground waters is defined by changes of volume of the geological environment during geodeformations. It is offered to consider geodeformations as one of the reasons of floods and droughts. Studied the changes the gravitational field and geodeformations during droughts and floods in the Amazon in 2005-2006. Studied the hydrological regime of the River Nile. Shows the influence of geodeformation on the level of Danube and Dniester. Proposed detailed study the causes of floods in Europe in 2002. Influence of the Earth’s surface deformation on floods and droughts is very important and requires special detailed study. Changes in volume of rocks during Earth’s surface deformation are accompanied by dilatancy which influence on the amount of drought and flooding has turned out to be significant. Study of the processes considered in the thesis gives grounds to expect that floods and droughts associated with deformations of the geological environment will be successfully predicted.

Regularities in the transformation of coastal and accumulative forms of sea bottom relief, with application for water management

Kapochkin B., Kucherenko N., Kapochkina M.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2014

Vol. 2, Iss. 2

43--48

Investigate the processes of formation of accumulative forms of sea bottom relief and coast. The coincidence of the linear parts of the accumulative sea bottom relief with the direction of tectonic faults. Provides examples exploring the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic, Black and Azov Seas. Consider the problem of continuing in the sea geological structures on dry land. On the example of the Azov Sea it was shown that the horst on land in the coastal zone is shown a linear zone of eroded beaches. Sustainable shore erosion are confined to the gorst. Graben on land continues at sea accumulative forms of type foreland. The accumulation zone of sediment are confined to grabens. Shown that different direction storms form accumulative relief in accordance with clear rules. Random exogenous factors are controlled regularities endogenous processes. Endogenous formation of sea bottom relief happens resulting impact endogenous processes on the speed currents. In those locations where currents slows down the sand falls to the bottom. Decrease in speed currents occurs lengthwise tectonic faults. Faults is the migration path lithospheric fluids. To elucidate the reasons for the formation of specific conditions sediment load was carried out mathematical modeling of currents over a linear zone submarine groundwater discharge. Hydrodynamic software decides system of Navier-Stokes equations. Made mathematical modeling the interaction currents and the water flowing from a tectonic fault.