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EN
An important role in the effective functioning and promotion of transport is played not only by transport and forwarding companies, but also by non-governmental organizations, closely cooperating with the industry and representing them in decision-making bodies. The article presents selected organizations representing the transport sector at the global and community forums. The analysis covers the influence of these organizations on establishing international law, unifying technical, organizational, operational and economic solutions, and the preparation of shipping documents. The activities aimed at standardization and unification of land transport for the purposes of intermodal transport were also discussed.
EN
This article shows the development of high-speed rail in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), its development stages and the shipping companies dealing with this business activity. Special attention was given to the progress in the technical solutions of the track infrastructure as well as during the build of the rolling stock and engines. The high-speed rail was presented in the context of the general development of the economy and transport in Germany. This article contains a synthetic approach to the effects of the functioning of high-speed rail and its financing, as well as further directions and development prospects. Also, this article is based on thoughts, authors’ own research and factual sources of polish and western literature.
EN
The excessive increase in transport intensity is one of the negative impacts on the economy. The costs borne due to transport activities are indirectly expressed by the volume of carriages (in tons) and by the scope of transport activity (in ton-kilometers). The result of social and economic activities are global product values and national incomes. This article shows the research on transport activity expressed through transport activity (in ton-kilometers) for all means of transport in total, the results of social and economic activities expressed using the gross domestic product, as well as shaping transport intensity of national economies in selected European countries. The analysis of the course of the exponential function curves, as well as polynomial curves has been carried out, and conclusions have been formulated on their bases.
4
Content available Combined/intermodal transport – the global trends
EN
This article presents the different intermodal transport systems in selected countries in the world, with an indication of their development and impact on environmental protection. The conducted research indicates much faster development of intermodal transport as compared to the transport of goods in other technologies. The studies were based on the latest obtainable statistics on intermodal transport from Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. In all the cases examined, it is apparent that intermodal transport is supported by state authorities and international intermodal transport associations. The scientific and cognitive value of the article is expressed in the collection of a large number of materials, their systematization and generalization of conclusions. The literature on this subject lacks such comprehensive scientific studies, and this study will therefore clearly fill the research gap.
EN
India’s diversified economy includes traditional and modern agriculture, crafts, modern industries and a variety of services. In 2017, almost half (48.93%) of India’s GDP was generated by the service sector, whereas the industrial sector accounted for 26.16% and agriculture 15.45%. Despite a short-term economic downturn caused by a demonetisation and implementation of compulsory tax on goods and services, the continued favourable economic growth, including sustainable growth of the gross domestic product, revenue per capita, private consumption and public investment, as well as the improvement of other economic indicators, for example, car sales indicate that India’s macroeconomic conditions are generally stable. Structural reforms introduced by the government contribute to enhanced productivity among domestic businesses and attract more foreign direct investment. Due to its geographical location, India has been using sea transport to promote its international trade. However, with too few deep-sea ports and limited cargo handling capacity, its seaports can handle only some of the largest intercontinental ships. This article discusses India’s economic situation, with particular regard to the GDP growth in 2000-2017 and foreign trade. The analysis covers growth in cargo handling in main ports in India in 2000-2018. It discusses the port development project of Sagarmala introduced by the Government of India in 2015. The project is expected to solve problems associated with the performance of Indian ports and strengthen the Indian maritime sector to meet the ever-growing demand for goods transported by sea.
EN
The overall contribution of the railway sector in the American economy is substantial. Since 2000, the volume of rail freight transport services in the United States has remained on a balanced and invariably high level, even though the total length of the railway network has declined. Over the recent years, owing to the deployment of advanced software and state-of-the-art technologies, rail freight transport has been performing more effectively than ever. This article addresses a study of the rate of GDP changes compared with measures reflecting the transport services performed in the years 1995-2015. This study comprised the transport performance achieved by means of railways (in billion tkm) against other transport sectors within 2000-2016 and addresses the volume of freight transport services performed in the American transport network. The authors discussed the mechanism functioning of rail freight transport, which is becoming an increasingly attractive means of transport, with reference to the intermodal freight transport, including the double-stack system. They have analysed the share of intermodal transport in the structure of domestic and non-domestic freight transport services in 2017. Furthermore, the latest observed trends in the American railway network in the sphere of the use and implementation of the state-of-the-art technologies supporting railway traffic management was brought to light with regard to the improvement of safety and assisting the relevant authorities
EN
The purpose of this paper is to show directions for promoting alternative modes of transport in Europe and Poland in order to limit the dynamic growth of road transport. The recommendations of the European Commission in relation to the development of intermodal transport are discussed. The structure and size of intermodal transport in Europe are presented. An attempt is made to determine the forecast of intermodal transport in Poland. The basic undertakings determining the development of intermodal transport in Poland are indicated. On the basis of the experience of selected Western European countries, general conclusions regarding the development of intermodal transport in our country are formulated.
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