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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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Study of the Conditions for Accelerating the Composting Process when Adding Microbial Communities

Sokolova Valeriia, Krusir Galina, Sagdeeva Olga, Gnizdovskyi Oleksandr, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 3

11--17

The study of the composting process is a very urgent task. The rapid growth in food production leads to the formation of waste, which should be safely disposed of in a natural way – composting. Composting the vegetable component of food waste can significantly reduce the proportion of waste falling into landfills and utilize the food waste from the hotel and restaurant industry. Additional enrichment of the compost mixture of food waste with the «Baikal EM» microbiological additive accelerates the maturation process and enhances the efficiency of the finished compost. Such compost does not contain viable weed seeds or pathogenic microflora and can be used as a fertilizer. In contrast to the control, a sufficient level of germination index is observed for the studied samples and they are not phytotoxic. The finished compost can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture for growing crops. The results obtained indicate that the index of germination of radish seeds increases along with the duration of fermentation of the composted mixture. Communities of microorganisms contained in the «Baikal EM» additive accelerate the natural process of composting, taking an active part in the destruction of the components of the vegetable mixture. The pH value of the finished compost, both under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, is close to neutral indicators. High values of CO2 emissions from reactors were recorded in the second week under thermophilic and for 3 weeks under mesophilic conditions. The finished compost that fermented under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions can be used as fertilizer, but considering that additional energy is required to create thermophilic conditions, it is advisable to compost the food waste mixture with the addition of the microbiological additive «Baikal EM» under mesophilic conditions.

Investigation of Enzymatic Degradation of Solid Winemaking Wastes

Krusir Galyna, Sagdeeva Olga, Malovanyy Myroslav, Shunko Hanna, Gnizdovskyi Oleksandr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 2

72--79

The work is devoted to the research of the enzymatic destruction process of solid waste of the primary winemaking enterprises the introduction of advanced technology of their utilization and creation of optimally balanced feed additive. The processing of grapes produces waste, the storage and accumulation of which in environmental components leads to the loss of valuable resource in the composition of waste and leads to the creation of increased levels of environmental hazards. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose in the composition of waste by the cellulase enzyme through the microorganisms’ action is the basis of the biotechnological process. To implement this process, it is necessary to determine the main parameters and modes of the bioconversion process, investigation of which the study is devoted. The basic characteristics of the enzymatic degradation process were determined and data were obtained for the technology improvement of solid waste utilization of the wine industry enterprises. Comparative analysis of bioconversion of different types of waste proves that the cellulose enzymatic degradation is the most effective for the grape pomace in the waste, allows us to obtain valuable feed additive and reduce the environmental danger level.