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2 2016

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Analysis of combustion in diesel engines of biofuels derived from waste-free production

Kruczyna D., Kołodziejczyk K., Juszczyk K., Kruczyński S. W., Orliński P., Wojs M. K., Gramatyka G., Kowalaszek A., Sznyr J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

2016

z. 1/105

45--59

The article presents the selected properties of methyl esters of rapeseed oil produced in the process of innovative waste-free production technology. The basis for the proposed technology is the process of transesterification of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate carried out in the presence of an alkali catalyst and with the use of ultrasounds. As a result of tests carried out, optimum conditions for carrying out transesterification process were determined so that biofuel obtained meet the qualitative requirements referred to PN-EN 14214. The quality of biofuel was verified in engine tests. The selected results of tests and analysis of combustion process parameters (self-ignition delays, working agent pressure and heat formed in the combustion chamber) while it was supplied with rape oil acid methyl ester (B100) and two fuels formed in terms of waste-free technology of biofuels (P1 and P2) production were presented. The tests were realized at the test stand equipped in a diesel engine of Perkins 1104C-E44T type adjusted to testing liquid fuels of plant origin.

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane właściwości estrów metylowych wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych wytworzonych w procesie innowacyjnej bezodpadowej technologii produkcji. Podstawą proponowanej nowej technologii jest proces transestryfikacji oleju rzepakowego z octanem metylu, prowadzony w obecności katalizatora zasadowego oraz z użyciem ultradźwięków. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań określono optymalne warunki prowadzenia procesu transestryfikacji tak, aby otrzymane biopaliwo spełniało wymagania jakościowe określone w PN-EN 14214. Jakość biopaliwa została zweryfikowana w testach silnikowych. Zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań i analiz parametrów procesu spalania (opóźnienia samozapłonu, ciśnienia czynnika roboczego oraz wywiązującego się ciepła w komorze spalania) przy zasilaniu go estrem metylowym kwasu oleju rzepakowego (B100) oraz dwoma paliwami powstałymi w ramach bezodpadowej technologii produkcji biopaliw (P1 oraz P2). Badania zrealizowano na stanowisku badawczym wyposażonym w silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym typu Perkins 1104C-E44T przystosowany do badań paliw ciekłych pochodzenia roślinnego.

Evaluation of emission level of biofuels from waste-free production in compression-ignition engines

Kurczyna D., Kołodziejczyk K., Sznyr J., Kruczyński S. W., Orliński P., Wojs M. K.

Journal of KONES

2016

Vol. 23, No. 1

185--191

This article presents the impact of biofuel for compression-ignition engines, produced with the use of innovative production technology, on the emission of toxic substances. The innovative production technology of biodiesel does not generate by-products, eliminating the need for development glycerol fraction and toxic methanol, substances inconvenient for environment. This technology is not currently well known and not used on an industrial scale. The essence of this technology is to carry out the transesterification of triglycerides and methyl acetate in special conditions and with using an alkaline catalyst. The only product of this technology is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters and glycerol triacetate (no by-products). In the first part of the article, selected physical and chemical properties of such biofuel in comparison to the limits specified in the standard quality requirements for this type of products (EN 14214) were discussed. In the next part, the results of empirical studies were evaluated, showing the influence of speed and load conditions in test engine Perkins 1104C-E44TA on concentrations of harmful components in the exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulates. Engine tests were performed with using biofuels selected by the authors. The measurement system, consisted of an AVL CEB II gas analyser and MEXA-1230PM device for measure of particulate matter in real time, to measure the concentrations of toxic exhaust components was used. Based on the concentration of toxic components of exhaust gases according to Test C1 according to ISO 8178, the emission of the above-mentioned normalized toxic components of exhaust gases was determined. In the final part of the article, the results of empirical studies on the concentrations of toxic exhaust gases in the linear-point diagrams, and emission in the bar chart diagrams were presented.