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Assessment of the Possibility of Introducing a Cogeneration System in the Biogas Development Process by the Example of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in Rybnik Orzepowice

Karwot Janusz, Bondaruk Jan, Zawartka Paweł

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

1116--1131

EN

The paper presents and discusses the 6-year effects of the operation of a biogas-fired cogeneration system which operates at the Rybnik Orzepowice sewage treatment plant. The qualitative composition of biogas, average daily amount of biogas produced, total demand of the sewage treatment plant for electricity and the amount of electricity obtained from biogas were presented. Regarding the average daily biogas production for the years 2013–2018, it can be stated that it remains at the level of 2,809 m3/d (±33%). The average daily total electricity consumption for 2013-2018 remains at 8,846 kWh/d (-13.8%; +20.6%). The average daily amount of electricity produced from biogas for the years 2013-2018 remains at the level of 3,892 kWh/d (-38.7%; +10.1%). Electricity generated from biogas allows us to cover the demand of the treatment plant at 44% (minimum 39%, maximum 50%). In the analysed period, biogas consumption by individual facilities was: cogeneration unit approx. 65%, boilers: 10%, flare: 25%. Based on the operational data, it was calculated that: the unit indicator for biogas extraction from sewage, on average is 0,1584 mn3/m3 (min. 0,0937 mn3/m3, max.: 0,2291 mn3/m3), the unit indicator for biogas extraction in relation to for COD load an average of 0.22 m3of biogas/kg COD (min. 0.09 m3of biogas/kg COD, max. 0.47 m3of biogas/kg COD), the unit ratio of biogas extraction in relation to the BZT5 load was on average 0.61 m3biogas/kg BZT5 (min. 0.28 m3biogas/kg BZT5, max. 1.20 m3biogas/kg BZT5).

PL

W artykule przedstawiono i omówiono 6-cio letnie efekty pracy układu kogeneracyjnego zasilanego biogazem, który pracuje w Oczyszczalni Ścieków Rybnik Orzepowice. Zaprezentowano skład jakościowy biogazu, średniodobową ilość wytwarzanego biogazu, całkowite zapotrzebowanie oczyszczalni na energię elektryczną oraz ilość energii elektrycznej uzyskiwanej z biogazu. Średniodobowa produkcji biogazu, za lata 2013-2018 można stwierdzić, że utrzymuje się ona na poziomie 2,809 m3/d (±33%). Średniodobowe całkowite zużycie energii elektrycznej za lata 2013–2018, utrzymuje się on poziomie 8,846 kWh/d (-13,8%; +20,6%). Średniodobowa ilość produkowanej energii, energii elektrycznej z biogazu za lata 2013–2018 utrzymuje się on poziomie 3,892 kWh/d (-38,7%; +10,1%). Energia elektryczna wytwarzana z biogazu pozwala na pokrycie zapotrzebowania oczyszczalni na poziomie 44% (minimalnie 39%, maksymalnie 50%). W analizowanym okresie zużycie biogazu przez poszczególne obiekty wynosiło: jednostka kogeneracyjna ok. 65%, kotły: 10%, pochodnia: 25%. Na podstawie danych eksploatacyjnych obliczono, że: jednostkowy wskaźnik pozyskania biogazu ze ścieków, średnio wynosi 0,1584 mn3/m3 (min. 0,0937 mn3/m3, max.: 0,2291 mn3/m3), jednostkowy wskaźnik pozyskania biogazu w odniesieniu do ładunku ChZT średnio wynosił 0,22 m3 biogazu/kg ChZT (min. 0,09 m3 biogazu/kg ChZT, max. 0,47 m3 biogazu/kg ChZT), jednostkowy wskaźnik pozyskania biogazu w odniesieniu do ładunku BZT5 średnio wynosił 0,61 m3 biogazu/kg BZT5 (min. 0,28 m3 biogazu/kg BZT5 w, max. 1,20 m3 biogazu/kg BZT5).

2

Manager in the municipal sector – employment conditions?

Karwot Janusz, Ober Józef

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2019

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nr 3

59--72

EN

The aim of the article is to characterize the value of various forms of employment for managers in municipal companies in Poland and is an attempt to evaluate them from the point of view of management efficiency and conducting investment processes in connection with the obligation to achieve social objectives. One of the main premises of the article is also the desire to highlight and emphazise the high specificity of the operation of municipal companies in Poland, and thus the requirements regarding the experience and role of managers in the territorial form of economic activity in conjunction with the form of their employment in companies. The Act of 9 June 2016 discussed in the article on the rules of shaping the remuneration of persons managing certain companies constitutes an area of considerations, the intention of which is a general assessment of the substantive functions of managers in relation to economic and financial analysis and the legal form of the adopted solution. The results of these considerations do not confirm the thesis adopted in the construction of the Act of 9 June 2016 that only a managerial contract in its pure form can be an effective tool for corporate governance in municipal companies.

3

Innovative activities in the water and sewage industry

Ober Józef, Karwot Janusz

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2019

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nr 2

87--97

EN

The purpose of this study is to analyze and present the results of research devoted to the development and intentions of water and sewage companies operating on the Polish market in the context of innovation. The data collected and analysed in the research has not been published yet. The specific purposes of the study is to describe the state of innovation of water and sewage companies operating across the country, and to indicate the directions for their development, their barriers and problems in the context of implementing innovation. The first part of the study focuses on the theoretical aspects of innovative activities of municipal companies, and characterizes the notions of innovation and innovativeness. In its subsequent part, the study describes the object, subject, purpose of the study, the research methods and techniques applied in the paper. The analysis and discussion of a selected research part is included in the last part of the study, which is closed by the final conclusions.

4

Safety management of water economy. Case study of the water and sewerage company

Karwot Janusz, Ober Józef

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2019

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nr 3 (27)

189--196

EN

This study addresses the issues of water management safety management in the context of shaping the appropriate level of municipal services in Poland, related to quality standards and the availability of water resources for enterprises and the local community. The literature review presents examples of activities concerning the evaluation of the quality and availability of groundwater and their suitability for domestic and commercial use in the world. The key parameters of water intended for human consumption, which affect its quality, have been selected based on the literature and the Polish standards set out in the regulation. On this basis, appropriate parameters for case-study research were selected. In the following, the analytical methods and tools used to assess water quality were characterized. In the case study example, the analysis of water parameters from selected three different intakes in 2015-2017 (Tęczowa, Stodoły and GPW Rybnik-Północ) was performed and the functioning and role of the internal Water and Sewage Laboratory in the safety management of water economy in the water and sewerage company has been presented.

5

Metoda oceny opłacalności stosowania liczników wody bezzwrotnej

Ober Józef, Karwot Janusz

Gospodarka Wodna

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2019

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Nr 4

13--15

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i omówienie metody oceny oszczędności wynikających z korzystania ze źródeł wody bezzwrotnie zużywanej przez przeciętnego mieszkańca Rybnika i okolic. Przedstawienie modelu ekonomiki użytkowania wodomierza wody bezzwrotnej wskaże potencjalnym i obecnym użytkownikom próg opłacalności zakupu i użytkowania takiego wodomierza. Do badania opłacalności stosowania liczników wody bezzwrotnej użyto dwóch wskaźników, stosowanych w analizie kosztów i korzyści, a mianowicie: okresu zwrotu nakładów poniesionych na instalacje wodomierzy (T) oraz wartości zaktualizowanej netto (NPV). Dodatkowo przeprowadzona analiza i prognoza zużycia wody zwrotnej i bezzwrotnej pozwoli na lepsze dostosowanie się PWiK Rybnik do potrzeb odbiorców, co może istotnie wpłynąć na kreowanie i podtrzymywanie pozytywnego wizerunku przedsiębiorstwa.

EN

The aim of the article is to present and discuss the method of assessing the savings resulting from the use of non-returnable water sources by an average inhabitant of Rybnik and the surrounding area. Presentation of the economics of use of a non-returnable water meter will indicate to the potential and current users the threshold of profitability related to the purchase and use of such a water meter. The cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of non-returnable water meters was carried out based on two indicators - the period of return on investment related to the water meters installation (T) and the net present value (NPV). In addition, the analysis and forecast of the returnable and non-returnable water use will allow PWiK Rybnik to better adapt to the needs of the customers, which can contribute to building and promoting the positive image of the company.