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1

Influence of heat treatment on the bending behaviour of LLDPE monofilaments

Kolgjini B., Schoukens G., Kola I., Rambour S., Shehi E., Kiekens P.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 3

187--199

EN

It is known that artificial turf surfaces based on LLDPE monofilaments have the potential to replace natural turf surfaces used for several sport surfaces. Even though the production parameters have a strong influence on the behaviour of monofilaments and indirectly on the final product, the effect of heat treatment at different stages of the production lines is not studied in detail. Therefore, the influence of heat treatment during the production of monofilaments was investigated. This investigation includes a study of the mechanical properties such as tensile testing and bending behaviour and morphological analyses by employing DSC measurements. The results show that the applied heat treatment has a strong influence on the bending behaviour even though the classical studied morphology structures do not show significant changes. Heat treatment influences quite importantly the characteristics of the non-crystalline part of the monofilaments and results in better long-term properties, such as resilience, deformation recovery and fibrillation resistance.

2

Functional Textiles – From Research and Development to Innovations and Industrial Uptake

Kiekens P., Van der Burght E., Kny E., Uyar T., Milašius R.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 4

219--225

EN

Functional textiles are one of the most important fields in textile industry and textile materials science. They include breathable, heat and cold-resistant materials, ultra-strong fabrics (e.g. as reinforcement for composites), new flameretardant fabrics (e.g. intumescent materials), optimisation of textile fabrics for acoustic properties, etc. Functional textiles became more and more important materials for various applications and interest in them grew year by year; and more and more conferences are focused on functional textiles, as well as the events which are not only textile conferences but encompass various fields of Material Science. This paper presents a short overview about the European Materials Research Society 2014 Fall meeting conference Symposium M “Functional textiles - from research and development to innovations and industrial uptake” and the projects which participated as symposium co-organisers: the European Coordination Action 2BFUNTEX funded by the EC 7th Framework Programme NMP, the COST Action MP1105 on “Sustainable flame retardancy for textiles and related materials based on nanoparticles substituting conventional chemicals (FLARETEX)” and the COST Action MP1206 on “Electrospun Nano-fibres for bio inspired composite materials and innovative industrial applications”.

3

Bending Behaviour of LLDPE Monofilaments Depending on Cold Drawing and Composition of the LLDPEs

Kolgjini B., Schoukens G., Shehi E., Kiekens P.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 4 (100)

23--30

EN

The behaviour of the pile layer of artificial turf is an important element for the performance of artificial turf. As a top layer, it is constantly under deformation, with the most possible being bending . The bending behaviour of monofilaments of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is strongly influenced by the processing parameters, the type of polymer, and geometrical factors, which in combination with each other seem to have a strong influence on the behaviour of the final product. From the results obtained, the use of octene instead of hexene as a monomer yields better results for resilience due to a higher concentration of intrafibrillar tie molecules for the same degree of DSC crystallinity of the LLDPEs. The increase in the final cross section of monofilaments based on the same LLPDPEs resulted in a decrease in the intrafibrillar tie molecules due to a slower cooling after melt extrusion.

PL

Badania dotyczyły obróbki wykańczalniczej jedwabiu naturalnego. Mikrostruktura jedwabiu była badana za pomocą skaningowej mikroroskopii elektronowej, a właściwości mechaniczne testowane były klasyczną zrywarką firmy Instron, podczas gdy strukturę krystaliczną analizowano za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni (FTIR) oraz rozproszenia promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Wyniki pozwoliły wytypować najlepszą w danych warunkach metodę obróbki.

4

Thermal resistance of organic nanoparticle coatings for hydrophobicity and water repellence of paper substrates

Samyn P., Schoukens G., Kiekens P., Mast P., Van den Abbeele H., Stanssens D., Vonck L

Autex Research Journal

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2010

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Vol. 10, no. 4

100--109

EN

The modification of paper substrates by organic nanoparticle coatings offers an attractive alternative for creating hydrophobic and water-repellent surfaces without fluorinated chemicals. The nanoparticles were synthesized by imidization of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) and applied to a standard paper grade by means of a laboratory bar-coating process. The effects of supplementary heat treatments of the coated papers were investigated in terms of coating morphology and hydrophobicity: a unique coating structure is formed with a combination of microdomains that are internally structured at the nanoscale. The relatively high glass transition temperature of the nanoparticles allows for good thermal stability of the coating with almost no morphological changes at heating up to 180°C. The changes in chemical composition were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The latter techniques qualitatively describe the effects of thermal treatments on the imide and styrene moieties. Contact angle measurements indicate that there is an optimum curing temperature in order to obtain a maximum advancing contact angle of 133° to 150°.

5

Study of the weavability of elastane based stretch yarns on air-jet looms

De Meulemeester S., Van Langenhove L., Kiekens P.

Autex Research Journal

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2009

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Vol. 9, no. 2

54--60

EN

Elastane yarns are often used to produce stretch fabrics on knitting machines as well as rapier weaving machines. On air-jet weaving looms their use is still limited. That is why the objective of this paper is to investigate the weavability of elastane based stretch yarns on air-jet looms. Bobbins of elastane were woven on an air-jet loom and a distinction of the bobbins in three categories was made according to the most important production processes for elastane yarn: core twist, core spun and air covered. Yarn properties such as linear density, elongation at break and Air Index value were determined, weaving tests were performed and properties of the resulting fabric were determined.

6

Novel Dressing Materials Accelerating Wound Healing Made from Dibutyrylchitin

Chilarski A., Szosland L., Krucińska I., Kiekens P., Błasińska A., Schoukens G., Cisło R., Szumilewicz J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2007

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Vol. 15, no. 4 (63)

77--81

EN

Dibutyrylchitin (DBC), a soluble chitin derivative, is a polymer with confirmed biological properties. DBC was obtained in the reaction of shrimp chitin with butyric anhydride, carried out under heterogeneous condition, in which perchloric acid was used as a catalyst of reaction. Production of DBC batches was carried out on a half - technical scale line. DBC parties were examined by infrared spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography and viscometry. DBC with molar mass of 132×103 daltons was used for the manufacturing of DBC fibres and DBC non-woven materials. DBC non-woven fabrics after γ-sterilisation were applied to a group of nine patients with different indications. DBC dressing materials were used exluding the use of other medical products. Satisfactory results of wound healing were achieved in most cases, especially in cases of burn wounds and postoperative/posttraumatic wounds and various other conditions causing skin/epidermis loss.

PL

Dibutyrylochityna (DBC) jest polimerem, którego korzystny wpływ na organizm żywy wykazano w badaniach biologicznych. Jest rozpuszczalną, estrową pochodną chityny pozyskiwanej z różnorodnych źródeł, stosunkowo łatwą do przetworzenia w procesach technologicznych. Do celów pracy syntezę DBC prowadzono na skale większą od laboratoryjnej, zgodnie z patentem polskim. Z otrzymanego polimeru, o masie molowej 132 kDa, wytworzono włókna a z nich włókniny. Sterylizowane płatki włóknin aplikowano na rany o różnej etiologii bez stosowania dodatkowych leków. W większości przypadków zaobserwowano korzystny wpływ dibutyrylochityny na proces gojenia ran. W żadnym z przypadków nie stwierdzono niekorzystnych zmian.

7

Predictions of fabric weight per unit area of single and double knitted structures using appropriate software

Gravas E., Kiekens P., Van Langenhove L.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 4

223--237

EN

This project deals with the prediction of knitted fabric weight per unit area using appropriate software called 'proKNIT'. The software has been designed according to existing bibliography and has the ability of determining the weight of knitted fabrics in different relaxing conditions by entering process and material variables i.e. type of fabric and fiber, knitting machine gauge, yarn count, fabric loop length and tightness factor. The prediction of the fabric weight is dependent upon the dimensional parameters of Kc, Kw, Ks and R, which have been fed into the system. Therefore, 'proKNIT' has the ability of calculating the fabric weight of single and double knit structures, i.e. plain-knit, purl, 1X1 rib, 2X2 rib and interlock, for natural fibres such as cotton/cotton blends and wool/wool blends.

8

Gas flow around and through textile structures during plasma treatment

Verschuren J., Kiekens P.

Autex Research Journal

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2005

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Vol. 5, no. 3

154--161

EN

An experimental plasma reactor has been developed that enables the study of aspects related to the flow of a gas around and into textile structures while they are treated in a plasma at reduced pressure. A selection of experiments draws attention to the fact that even at reduced pressure a textile forms a barrier for a gas containing plasma-created species, resulting in an 'edge effect'. It is also shown how basic variations in the structure of a textile influence the penetration of the treatment effect. The ratio of textile thickness to its porosity is proposed as a simple rule of thumb for assessing the effect of penetration and etching efficiency.

9

An approach to the 'ProKNIT' system and its value in the production of weft-knitted fabrics

Gravas E., Kiekens P., Van Langenhove L.

Autex Research Journal

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2005

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Vol. 5, no. 4

220--227

EN

'ProKNIT' is the result of a project based on the consideration that knitted fabrics shrink in both directions, or that some of them shrink in one direction but expand in another. This shrinkage and extension is not proportional; it varies greatly depending on the type of knitted fabric. However, one value that always changes by increasing upon fabric shrinkage is the fabric's weight. Increases in weight from shrinkage will not only increase the cost of production but may also affect the final product in a number of ways. Therefore, a program that would help to avoid problems of this nature could be created which would predict the weight of the knitted fabrics in different relaxed conditions, by using appropriate variables such as knitting machine gauge, yarn count, type of fabric, fabric loop length, tightness factor and courses & wales per unit length, but would not be too difficult to operate. This is how 'proKNIT' came about. The first part of the word 'pro' derives from the Greek meaning 'before'; therefore, the name of the system appropriately refers to the estimations made before a knitting fabric is produced.

10

Non-wovens from cotton fibres for absorbent products obtained by the needle-punching process

Kiekens P., Zamfir M.

Autex Research Journal

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2002

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Vol. 2, no. 4

166--174

EN

The use of non-wovens as absorbent products is increasing, as is the consumption of cotton fibres as raw materials for these products. This paper presents some results concerning the obtaining of absorbent non-woven products made from cotton fibres. A fibrous web was formed by the superposition of cotton bands as a short layer. Special needle types supplied by SINGER Spezialnadelfabrik GmbH & Co. KG were used during the needle-punching process. Equations of variation of liquid absorption speed and surface weight have been analysed in order to optimise the needle-punching process of the cotton fibrous webs.

11

Behaviour of yarn interacted with high-speed object under sideways-constraint

Vu Hung D., Degrieck J., Van Langenhove L., Kiekens P.

Autex Research Journal

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2002

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Vol. 2, no. 1

46--56

EN

This paper presents an investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a yarn in an interaction with a high-speed object, for the lower warp sheet during the weaving process. The yarn movement on the object can be described in four stages from non-contact, contact, drop-off and withdrawal. A model is developed to predict this interaction, taking into account several factors such as yarn length, yarn tension, object speed, object orientation and object profile. A comparison of theoretical predictions and experimental measurements for different yarns indicates a good agreement. The theoretical model can be used to optimise the object profile in order to reduce the interactive yarn tension and to avoid any yarn damage.

12

Reports on surface behaviour of PET filaments treated with plasma

Radu C. D., Kiekens P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2000

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z. 59

111-116

EN

The paper deals with surface phenomena observed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in different environments after a plasma treatment. The implication of this behaviour of fibres are discussed. The experimental results are presented in agreement with data from literature.

13

Possibilities to measure the concentration of sodium dithionite in textile applications by means of amperometric sensors

Westbroek P., Govaert F., Gasana E., Temmerman E., Kiekens P.

Autex Research Journal

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1999/2000

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Vol. 1, no. 1

30--38

EN

By using linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry at a rotating disc electrode it was found that sodium dithionite can be oxidised at several electrode materials. At platinum, palladium, glassy carbon and gold an oxidation reaction was observed that showed promising characteristics for analytical purposes and sensor development. The limiting current signal at a potential of +0.3 V vs. SSE is proportional to the concentration of sodium dithionite, the electrode reacts almost immediately on a change of concentration of sodium dithionite and experimental proof is given that the electrode is stable for at least 3 days without recalibration. The electrode can be calibrated by a one point calibration because the calibration curve is linear and goes through the origin.