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Low Back Pain Among Residential Carpenters: Ergonomic Evaluation Using OWAS and 2D Compression Estimation

Gilkey D. P., Keefe T. J., Bigelow P. L., Herron R. E., Duvall K., Hautaluoma J. E., Rosecrance J. S., Sesek R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2007

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Vol. 13, No. 3

305--321

EN

Occupational low back pain (LBP) remains a leading safety and health challenge. This cross-sectional investigation measured the prevalence of LBP in residential carpenters and investigated ergonomic risk factors. Ninety-four carpenters were investigated for LBP presence and associated risk factors. Ten representative job-tasks were evaluated using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and ErgoMaster™ 2D software to measure elements of posture, stress, and risk. Job-tasks were found to differ significantly for total lumbar compression and shear at peak loading (p < .001), ranging from 2 956 to 8 606 N and 802 to 1 974 N respectively. OWAS indicated that slight risk for injury was found in 10 job-tasks while distinct risk was found in 7 of the 10 job-tasks. Seven of the 10 job-tasks exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) action limit of 3 400 N for low back loading. The point prevalence for LBP was 14% while the annual prevalence was 38%.

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Job Level Risk Assessment Using Task Level Strain Index Scores: A Pilot Study

Drinkaus P., Bloswick D. S., Sesek R., Mann C., Bernard T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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Vol. 11, No. 2

141--152

EN

This paper explores 2 methods of modifying the Strain Index (SI) to assess the ergonomic risk of multi-task jobs. Twenty-eight automotive jobs (15 cases and 13 controls) were studied. The first method is based on the maximum task SI score, and the second method is modeled on the NIOSH Composite Lifting Index (CLI) algorithm, named cumulative assessment of risk to the distal upper extremity (CARD). Significant odds ratios of 11 (CI 1.7–69) and 24 (CI 2.4–240) were obtained using the modified maximum task and CARD, respectively. This indicates that modification of the SI may be useful in determining the risk of distal upper extremity injury associated with a multi-task job.

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Job Level Risk Assessment Using Task Level ACGIH Hand Activity Level TLV Scores: A Pilot Study

Drinkaus P., Sesek R., Bloswick D. S., Mann C., Bernard T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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Vol. 11, No. 3

263--281

EN

Existing upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder analytical tools are primarily intended for single or monotask jobs. However, many jobs contain more than 1 task and some include job rotation. This case/control study investigates methods of modifying an existing tool, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Hand Activity Level (HAL) Threshold Limit Value (TLV), to assess the upper extremity risk of multi-task jobs. Various methods of combining the task differences and ratios into a job level assessment were explored. Two methods returned significant odds ratios, (p < .05) of 18.0 (95% CI 1.8–172) and 12.0 (95% CI 1.2–120). These results indicate that a modified ACGIH HAL TLV may provide insight into the workrelated risk of multi-task jobs. Further research is needed to optimize this process.

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Evaluation and Quantification of Manual Materials Handling Risk Factors

Sesek R., Gilkey D., Drinkaus P., Bloswick D. S., Herron R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2003

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Vol. 9, No. 3

271--287

EN

This study investigated the ability of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) to measure the risk of low back injury as verified by employee health outcomes. In addition, several basic risk factors and combinations of risk factors presumed related to low back disorders were explored. The RNLE was modified to allow analysis of one-handed and two-handed, asymmetric lifts. Predictive performance was not changed. Simplifying the RNLE by removing several variables did not significantly reduce the RNLE’s predictive performance. These modifications to the RNLE show promise for increasing both the usability and utility of the RNLE.