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1 Journal of Applied Computer Science

1 2002

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The heuristic nature of medical decision making

Boegl. K., Adlassnig K. P.

Journal of Applied Computer Science

2002

Vol. 10, nr 2

5-26

Medical knowledge-based systems are increasingly accepted as diagnostic and therapeutic decision making support tools in clinical practice. These systems deal with a particularly complicated problem domain area. For any medical domain encompassing more than a small number of diseases, manifestations, or therapeutic alternatives, such systems will necessarily embody a high degree of complexity. In addition, medical knowledge is uncertain and incomplete in nature, and the concepts used to denote medical entities are vague. To encompass these invariants of medical knowledge, a number of different formal and heuristic models have been developed. This paper provides a brief survey of formal and heuristic approaches including commercially available medical decision support systems applied to knowledge modeling and problem-solving under uncertainty in medicine. As will be demonstrated, also many of these systems involve heuristic principles. In their own research, the authors have focussed on fuzzy-based approaches. It could be demonstrated that fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic are appropriate tools to deal with the uncertainty, vagueness, and even incompleteness of medical knowledge. The paper describes the basic concepts of fuzzy set theory and gives an update on some recent enhancements and refinements of the fuzzy knowledge and reasoning model. The rationale for these refinements will be discussed.