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Habitat requirements of Elodea canadensis Michx. in Polish rivers

Cegłowska A., Jusik S., Samecka-Cymerman A., Klink A., Szoszkiewicz K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

363--378

EN

The main objectives of this work were to investigate the range of habitat conditions (in terms of water chemistry and hydromorphological parameters) at sites colonized by Elodea canadensis and to analyze the species composition of communities with this plant species. We analyzed physicochemical, hydromorphological and biological data from 1135 sites located in Polish rivers to identify environmental factors that determine the occurrence of Elodea canadensis. Canadian waterweed was present at 18.1% of the analyzed river sites, located mainly in the lowlands (26.2% of all lowland sites).The results show that Elodea canadensis prefers moderately mineralized water (545 ± 329 μS cm−1), rich in calcium and magnesium carbonates (174 ± 63 mg CaCO3 |−1, 84.1 ± 31.4 mg Ca2+ |−1 and 11.1 ± 6.4 mg Mg2+ |−1), with moderate concentrations of chlorides and sulfates (38.9 ± 59.1 mg Cl−|−1 and 62.3 ± 50.9 mg SO42- |−1) and in terms of nutrients, it prefers water from moderately rich to mesotrophic and eutrophic. This plant has high light requirements and grows mainly in unshaded sections of shallow rivers. The studied species avoids sections of rivers strongly transformed and those with reinforced banks and bottoms. Canadian waterweed occurs mostly in the company of vascular macrophytes associated with slow-flowing rivers with sandy bottom material, indicating mesotrophic and eutrophic water.

2

An attempt to prepare Macrophyte Index for Rivers for assessment watercourses in Kazakhstan

Muratov R., Zhamangara A., Beisenova R., Akbayeva L., Szoszkiewicz K., Jusik S., Gebler D.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2015

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Vol. 3, Iss. 2

27--32

EN

Monitoring of water ecosystems in Kazakhstan is based generally on chemical indicators. Biological indicators, such as macroinvertebrates and a phytoplankton are rarely used. Sometimes some macrophyte species of are used for the assessment of water quality. The aim of the study was to analyse the possibilities of the introduction of the Polish monitoring system based on aquatic plants for rivers in Kazakhstan watercourses. The Polish method uses the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) and it has been prepared for the purposes of the EU Water Framework Directive. The systematic structure of Kazakhstan’s water plants were analyzed and compared with the macrophyte list of Poland. Flora of Kazakhstan was used as the main source of information and some recent publications were analyzed as well. It was found that the aquatic flora of Kazakhstan is rich and a total of 240 taxa of emergent and submerged plants are identified in the country. We have confirmed that a large number of aquatic plants recorded in Kazakhstan are recognized as bioindicators. The ecological tolerance and sensitivity of the identified bioindicators was analysed. A preliminary nine taxa with the the highest indicator weight in the MIR system (W = 3) were detected as the most sensitive indicators in Kazakhstan flora: Sciuro-hypnum plumosum, Scapania sp., Ceratphyllum demersum, C. submersum, Potamogeton lucens, P. praelongus, Lemna gibba, Menyanthes trifoliata and Acorus calamus. It was found that the MIR index can be applied in Kazakhstan, especially if we enrich the list of indicative species with the local macrophytes, which were not included in the original version. The list of potential indicator-species includes: Ranunculus altaicus, Ranunculus natans, Althenia filiformis, Nelumbo nucifera, Trapa incise which does not occur in Europe and Nuphar pumila, Nymphoides peltata, Ranunculus rionii, Rorippa palustris, Trapa natans, Utricularia intermedia, U. minor, Eleocharis acicularis and Vallisneria spiralis.

3

The influence of hydromorphological modifications of the littoral zone in lakes on macrophytes

Jusik S., Macioł A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 1

66--76

EN

The study aimed at determining the influence of hydromorphological modifications of the littoral zone in lakes on the occurrence and quantitative diversity of macrophytes. The field research was carried out at the peak of the growing season (June - September) between 2006 and 2009. Altogether, 457 transects were studied, located in 5 lakes. Studies on the hydromorphology were performed with the method of Lake Habitat Survey (LHS), and on macrophytes - with the method of transects. The studied sites were divided into 3 groups of different intensity of morphological transformations. The identified groups constituted the starting point for the analysis of influence exerted by transformations on macrophytes. The obtained results indicate that hydromorphological modifications of lakes are an important ecological factor affecting the occurrence and quantitative diversity of macrophytes. The transformations recorded in the studied reservoirs resulted mostly from recreational exploitation. They were responsible for mechanical elimination of dominant species, which led to an increased number of taxa, synanthropization and an average level of hemeroby as well as a decrease in the total vegetation cover. Helophytes were the most negatively affected group by the transformations, which reduce their contribution in the vegetation cover, whereas macroscopic filamentous algae and elodeids were positively affected.

4

Ewolucja metody oceny stanu hydromorfologicznego rzek RHS-PL w Polsce

Jusik S., Bryl Ł, Przesmycki M, Kasprzak M.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2014

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T. 17, nr 1

41--62

PL

Ocena antropogenicznych zmian warunków morfologicznych, reżimu hydrologicznego oraz ciągłości ekosystemu, podobnie jak właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych, ma znaczenie wspierające w zgodnej z Ramową Dyrektywą Wodną ocenie stanu ekologicznego wód powierzchniowych. Wśród wielu metod oceny stanu hydromorfologicznego rzek stosowanych w Polsce jedną z bardziej popularnych jest River Habitat Survey (RHS). System ten jest wykorzystywany w naszym kraju od 1997 roku przez wiele ośrodków naukowych. W 2007 roku przygotowana została pierwsza polska wersja podręcznika do badań terenowych RHS. Od tamtego czasu metoda bardzo upowszechniła się zarówno wśród naukowców, jak i praktyków. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd najważniejszych pozycji literatury polskiej i zagranicznej dotyczących stosowania metody RHS na obszarze Polski. Dokonano syntezy informacji na temat ewolucji metody w naszym kraju, podano naukowe, jak też praktyczne przykłady jej zastosowania, wady i zalety systemu, najczęściej popełniane błędy w literaturze tematu oraz przeanalizowano RHS na tle metod badań geomorfologicznych i hydrograficznych stosowanych w Polsce.

EN

Assessment of anthropogenic changes in morphological conditions, hydrological regime and the continuity of the ecosystem, as well as in physicochemical properties, is important for the assessment of ecological conditions of surface waters consistent with the Water Framework Directive. The River Habitat Survey (RHS) is one of the many popular methods used in Poland for the assessment of hydromorphological conditions of rivers. This system has been used in Poland since 1997 by several scientific centres. In 2007, the first Polish version of the textbook on RHS fieldwork was prepared and courses related to the method were organised by the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań. Since then, the method has been commonly used, both by scientists and by practitioners. By the end of 2013, 200 people were trained in the application of the RHS method. The method has been used to assess the hydromorphological status of rivers and as a complementary tool in the assessment of ecological conditions, under the Habitats Directive, with reference to habitat 3260, to assess the continuity of river ecological corridors and suitability of spawning grounds for sea trout and salmon, to assess the process and effects of renaturalization of rivers, and to assess the impact exerted by an investment on the environment (OOŚ). The research was conducted in different types of lowland, upland, and montane watercourses. Both natural watercourses and artificial channels were investigated, as well as morphologically transformed river sections. Some of the studies were conducted in protected areas (in national and landscape parks) characterized by a high degree of hydromorphological naturalness. The method proved to be useful in each of the above-mentioned types of watercourses, allowing reliable assessment, and also in the case of severely transformed rivers with an entirely artificial, concrete, trapezoidal channel and urban sections of watercourses. The paper presents a review of 100 Polish and foreign papers on the use of the RHS method in Poland. A synthesis of information on the evolution of the method in Poland was performed, scientific and practical examples of its application were presented together with advantages and disadvantages of the system, the most common mistakes made in the relevant literature, and RHS was analysed in relation to geomorphological and hydrographic research conducted in Poland. The advantages of the RHS method emphasized by many authors include its affordability, simplicity and comprehensiveness of the description of a watercourse together with a river valley at a distance of 50 m from a river bed. The major advantage consists in the assessment of hydromorphological conditions based on direct measurements performed in the field, which allows collection of current data on the real condition of river habitats.

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Wpływ zrzutu wód kopalnianych z odkrywki węgla brunatnego na jakość wód rzecznych

Staniszewski R., Jusik S.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 3

2652--2665

EN

Open cast mines can cause several modification of environment, as like decrease of groundwater level, soil modifications, noise, changes of river discharge and others. The year 2009 was the last year of mine waters discharge from Lubstów mine (Wielkopolska province) to Noteć River, which caused increase of river discharge for approximately 17%. The paper presents results of two years of studies on impact of mine waters from brown coal open-pit mine on lowland river. Most important water quality parameters like pH reaction, conductivity, sulphates and nutrients were analysed in all sites. Biological indication methods (MTR, IBMR, RI and others) based on aquatic plants (macrophytes, algae, mosses, liverworts) were used in studies to evaluate possible water quality changes below mine water discharge. Additionally, indices describing biological diversity (Shannon-Wiener W, Simpson D, uniformity J) were calculated using data from standard Mean Trophic Rank survey. In all three sites domination of several aquatic taxa was observed. Most frequent taxa were Elodea canadensis and Berula erecta. Other taxa often present in Noteć River were Spirodela plyrhiza, Sparganium emersum, Sparganium erectum, Mentha aquatica and Symphytum officinale. Results of studies were used for statistical analyses of Friedman ANOVA. Obtained data showed, that according to analysed water quality parameters as like, pH reaction, conductivity, total phosphorus, nitrates and others, changes of water quality were negligible. Results obtained using macrophyte indices for estimation of water trophy and ecological state confirmed results of chemical measurements. According to ANOVA, statistically significant relations were found for macrophyte biological diversity indices among surveyed river sites (χ2 = 8.40; p = 0.015). It was also confirmed by Kendall coefficient W = 0.84. The highest biological diversity was observed in site 1 situated above mine waters discharge and it was decreasing in sites 2 and 3. For the Shannon-Wiener (H’) index average coefficients were respectively 0.29 and 0.23, thus precise interpretation of these relation is difficult and to some extent could depend on other factors, eg. shading. Results of studies showed, that according to measured water quality parameters mine waters discharge from deep seated drainage did not caused significant changes of Noteć river water quality.

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Syntetyczne wskaźniki hydromorfologiczne w metodzie RHS jako element wspierający ocenę stanu ekologicznego rzek wyżynnych i górskich

Gebler D., Jusik S.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2012

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Vol. 21, No. 2

3--11

PL

Przyjęta w 2010 roku w krajach Unii Europejskiej ramowa dyrektywa wodna (RDW) ustanowiła badania hydromorfologiczne cieków jako wspierające biologiczną ocenę stanu ekologicznego wód. Celem pracy była próba wykazania zależności między różnymi wskaźnikami hydromorfologiczymi w sposób syntetyczny przedstawiającymi siedlisko a roślinnością wodną w rzekach wyżynnych i górskich. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały istotny wpływ większości analizowanych parametrów hydromorfologicznych na wskaźniki związane z makrofitami. Przekształcenia rzek i mała naturalność siedlisk wpływały ograniczająco na rozwój makrofitów, natomiast sprzyjały rozwojowi glonów makroskopowych.

EN

Adopted in 2010 in the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) established a hydromorphological parameters as supporting the biological assessment of the ecological status of waters. The aim of this study was to show the relationships between various hydromorphological indices, which synthesize habitat, and water plants in upland and mountain rivers. Studies have shown a significant correlations between most of the analyzed hydromorphological parameters and indices associated with macrophytes. The river modifications and low naturalness of habitats limited the growth of macrophytes in rivers in hilly and mountainous areas, and had positive effect on the growth of macroscopic algae.

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The variability of macrophyte metrics used in river monitoring

Szoszkiewicz K., Zbierska J., Staniszewski R., Jusik S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.4

117-126

EN

The study aimed at estimating the reliability of river classification based on macrophytes under differentiated habitat conditions. The studies were carried out between 2002 and 2005, within the EU STAR project and two other local projects. Factors taken into consideration included: shading, habitat modification, and lengths of the survey sections. Polish lowland watercourses were surveyed. The analyzed streams represented a wide range of degradation. Several macrophyte-based metrics were evaluated, including major European systems (MTR, IBMR, TIM, MI, RI) and diversity metrics (number of species, Shannon diversity index, total cover). The reaction of the macrophyte-based metrics examined to habitat factors was compared. It was proved that some of the metrics appeared to be resistant to different sources of variability, thus confirming their usefulness for river monitoring.