Maritime transport responsible for as much as 90% of world trade, currently suffers from a shortage of quali-fied officers. The 2010 International Convention on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (STCW) en-courages the international community to promote employment at sea among young people, especially females. So far, the Cadet Record Book (CRB), based on International Seafarers’ Federation (ISF) requirements is the basic and only document confirming obtaining the required qualifications by cadets to become an officer. Due to the continuous progress of technology and the maritime industry demands, the companies are developing their own (more detailed) cadet training systems. Such solutions enable a more detailed approach to training which results in better preparation for future work at sea. In this paper, one such system is presented in detail, which is already in use by one of the company and compares it to present training requirements.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of manoeuvring patterns through the fairway which is marked with physical and virtual Aids to Navigation (AtoN). The impact of V-AtoN environment on decision-making and on consequent manoeuvres has never been studied in such a way. The results published in this paper were obtained using TRANSAS Navi Trainer 5000 and TRANSAS ECDIS 4000 simulators where 12 deck officers with at least 5 years of sea service participated. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference in manoeuvring patterns between the two environments. In case of virtual environment, more intense drift angles, ROTs as well as XTDs are observed. The paper demonstrates significant impact of virtual environment on behaviour of OOW.
The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) devices for ensuring the safety of navigation and the errors occurring when using AIS equipment have been the focus of a number of research studies. The users of AIS equipment installed onboard sea-going vessels are required to familiar with the proper use of the devices and potential errors that may occur. A significant problem revealed in this study is the lack of understanding of potential error sources and the necessity to eliminate such errors prior to transmission of the AIS data message reading of the errors and failure to update the data processed by the AIS system. This results in a hypothesis on the insufficient training of seafarers and their familiarisation with the AIS devices and errors. This research is aimed at increasing the safety of navigation in the Adriatic Sea, as well as other seas, i.e. better accident prevention and protection of human life and material property at sea. The results produced by the research are used as an input for creating a model for enhancing the safety of navigation when using the AIS, through additional training of the seafarers.
Risk of an accident is an ever-present component in the maritime transportation process, especially in congested waters such as port areas. Since safety is of crucial importance in the maritime industry, different models of risk assessments were developed to ensure minimal navigational danger. The aim of this paper is the development of modular, dynamic sets of parameters, applicable for future risk assessment models on port approaches by introducing top-down expert appraisal structure methodology organised in three steps. Firstly, approaches and criteria from relevant international recommendations and scientific studies on maritime risk assessment models were analysed and compared, in order to obtain general categories of navigational safety parameters. Secondly, existing risk assessment parameters were structured and combined into new dynamic sets. In the third step, these dynamic sets of parameters were selected, and numerical values were assigned to them according to the specific context of the port. Finally, this top-down methodology aims to provide relevant dynamic sets of criteria for navigational safety risk assessment development that are flexible and widely applicable for the needs and characteristics of different ports.
This paper presents operability guidelines for seafarers on a product tanker which navigates in the Adriatic Sea during heavy weather. Tanker route starts from the Otranto strait in the south to the island Krk in the north of Adriatic Sea. Heavy weather is caused by south wind called jugo (blowing from E-SE to SS-E, sirocco family). Operability guidelines are given based on an operability criteria platform for presenting ship seakeeping characteristics. Operability criteria considered in this paper are propeller emergence, deck wetness and bow acceleration of a product tanker. Limiting values of mentioned criteria determine sustainable speed. Heavy weather is described by extreme sea state of 7.5 m wave height. Wave spectrum used in this paper is Tabain spectrum which is developed specifically for Adriatic Sea. Seafarer’s approach of decisions making in extreme weather is also shown and servers as a guideline for further research of the authors.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono propozycję wytycznych operacyjnych dla żeglugi tankowca na Morzu Adriatyckim podczas pogody sztormowej. Rozpatrywany szlak zaczyna się w cieśninie Otranto na południu i prowadzi do wyspy Krk na północy. Założono, że pogoda sztormowa jest spowodowana przez wiejący z kierunku SS-E wiatr południowy Jugo z grupy wiatrów lokalnych Sirocco. Zalecenia operacyjne zostały opracowane na podstawie kryteriów użytecznych dla osób odpowiadających za wachtę morską. Za takie uznano przede wszystkim: aspekt wynurzania się śruby napędowej, czynnik zalewania pokładu i przyspieszenia rejestrowane na dziobie statku. Wartości graniczne wspomnianych kryteriów określają dopuszczalną prędkość statku. Pogoda sztormowa została opisana przez dopuszczalny stan morza wyrażony wysokością fal (7.5 m). Dla opisu spektrum fal zastosowano kryterium Tabaina, najlepiej opisujące specyfikę Morza Adriatyckiego. Zaproponowane podejście zostanie również wykorzystane przez autora w dalszych badaniach.
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