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Metody kriogenicznego uzdatniania biogazu

Filanowski P., Rybicki C.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 5

1017--1022

PL

Biogaz pozyskiwany w procesie beztlenowej fermentacji biomasy należy do grupy odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) cieszących się wsparciem Unii Europejskiej. Polityka w zakresie OZE ma ścisły związek ze światową strategią przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatycznym oraz zmniejszenia emisji CO₂ i gazów cieplarnianych do atmosfery. Pozyskiwanie energii w biogazowniach rolniczych rozwiązuje problem składowania odpadów, ograniczając jednocześnie emisję do atmosfery dużych ilości metanu pochodzącego z fermentacji wolno składowanej biomasy. Jedną z wielu technologii oczyszczania biogazu jest uzdatnianie go metodami kriogenicznymi. Stosowanie technologii kriogenicznej do uzdatniania biogazu ma duże zalety, jeśli chodzi o transport i dystrybucję biogazu, ale przede wszystkim ze względu na czystość uzyskiwanego metanu. Przedstawiono metody uzdatniania biogazu oparte na technologiach kriogenicznych. Wśród tych metod autorzy prezentują własną metodę z użyciem azotu, która stała się przedmiotem patentu.

EN

A review, with 16 refs., of the methods for purifn. of biogas and increasing its calorific value.

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Role of biomethane in the improvement of energy safety in Poland

Filanowski P., Rybicki C.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2015

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Vol. 32, no. 3

613--622

EN

The renewable energy gains over the recent years on the meaning, also in consideration of increasing prices the energy and some signs of changes of climate caused by the man. Thereby in many countries the large press lies down on the use of renewable sources of energy such as water, the sun, the wind and the biomass covering every now and again the best part of the power requirement. One of method of the production of the energy from the biomass is the production of the biogas in specially to this end constructed devices so called biogas plants. To create of conditions to the development of this field are necessary specific performances supporting and propagating on the domestic grade and regional. In Germany the enforcement of amended law about the renewable energy contributed to true bumu in the sector of the energy production from the biogas. In Germany in 1999 functioned 850 agricultural biogas plants, in 2003 – 1700 and in 2005 – 2800. In Poland until the year 2005 according to data given by the Office of the Regulation of the Energetics worked 64 power plants supported on the biogas. One ought however to remember that this number includes except agricultural biogas plants first of all installations of the refuse dump gas and the biogas on the refinery of sewage. Poland is a rich country in the stony coal field in the face of this the dependency of the country from the import of this raw material is least. In turn of the gas consumption of terrestrial in Poland increases and the perspective of the dependency himself from the import of this raw material until the year 2030 indicates the more and more greater need for the purchase of this raw material besides limits of our country. On the basis the information contained in the report European P utting green Gas Grid from the year 2014 results that the biomethane production in countries of western Europe gains the more and more greater popularity. This results from this that the import of natural gas to Europe is realized almost as a whole from the east direction. In European Union are many countries which import 100% their demand on natural gas to {in the face of} this aspect the reduction of the dependency themselves these countries from the import of gas in the figure {form} of the production of biomethane becomes a key-matter. For the purpose of the improvement of the development of agricu ltural biogas plants in Poland arose the government-document going out opposite to postulates about the necessity of the establishment of the system promoting and supporting the production of the agricultural biogas. A foundation „of Directions of the development agricultural biogas plants in Poland in years 2010–2020” is the creation of optimum-conditions to the development of installations producing the agricultural biogas so until the year 2020 to lead to the construction of averagely one biogas plant in every commune using the biomass of the agricultural origin, on the assumption possessions through the commune of applicable provisions to the execution of such undertaking.

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Problematyka wtłaczania uzdatnionego biogazu do sieci dystrybucyjnej gazowej

Rybicki C., Kaliski M., Filanowski P.

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2014

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R. 17, Nr 1 (189)

4--7

PL

Rynek biogazowy w Europie zaczął się szybciej rozwijać po wejściu w życie Dyrektywy 2006/32/WE, która zakłada m.in.: tworzenie funduszy w celu realizacji efektywności energetycznej oraz promowania rozwoju rynku tych środków. [2] Bezpośredni wpływ miało również wejście w życie „Pakietu klimatyczno-energetycznego”, który zakłada ograniczenie emisji CO2, ograniczenie użycia energii tzw. 3 x 20%. W 2010 roku (stan na grudzień) w Polsce istniało 11 biogazowni [6], z tego 4 oddane do użytkowania w 2009 r., 2 w 2008 r., 1 w 2005, pozostałe w 2010 r. Natomiast w 2011 roku (stan na grudzień) zarejestrowanych biogazowni było już 16 [12]. Dzięki tej krótkiej statystyce widać, że jest to rynek z potencjałem, szybko rozwijający się. Jedną z wielu możliwości wykorzystania biogazu jest jego wtłaczanie po uzdatnieniu do sieci gazowej dystrybucyjnej. Nowa ustawa - Prawo Energetyczne [1] obliguje spółki dystrybucyjne, narzuca obowiązek przyłączania zainteresowanego podmiotu będącego wytwórcą OZE do sieci dystrybucyjnej... Stężenie metanu w biogazie rolniczym wynosi od 40-70% objętości, natomiast w procesie uszlachetniania biogazu rolniczego uzyskuje się tzw. uzdatniony biogaz o zawartości metanu nawet 99,9% obj. Głównym celem tego procesu jest oddzielenie dwutlenku węgla i siarkowodoru od metanu. [9]. Parametry jakościowe biogazu wprowadzonego do sieci gazowej dystrybucyjnej opisuje Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki z dnia 24 sierpnia 2011 [4].

EN

The biogas market in Europe started more quickly to develop after the entry into force of the Directive 2006/32/IN which puts on among other things: the creation of funds for the purpose of the realization of the energy efficiency and the promotion of the market development of these measures. [2] The direct influence had also the entry into force „of the Pack climatic-energy” which puts on the restriction of the CO2 emission, the restriction of the energy use so called 3 x 20%. In 2010 (the state for December) in Poland 11 biogasworkses were existed [6], from this 4 returned to the utilization in 2009 , 2 in 2008, one in 2005, rest in 2010 However in 2011 (state for December) was registered already 16 biogasworkses [12]. Thanks to this short statistics it is apparently that this is the market with the potential, quickly developing. One of many possibilities of the use of the biogas is his forcing after qualifying to the gaseous distributional network. The novel - The Energy law[1] obliges sales companies, forces the duty of the incorporation of the interested subject being with the producer renewal energy sources to the distributional network. The concentration of the methane in the agricultural biogas amounts from 40-70% the volume, however in the process of refining of the agricultural biogas one obtains so called qualified biogas about the content of the methane even 99,9% vol. A main objective of this process is the separation of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen sulfide from the methane. [9]. Qualitative parameters of the biogas introduced to the gaseous distributional network describes the Ordinance of the Minister of the Economy from the 24 August 2011 [4].

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Przegląd aktualnie stosowanych technologii uzdatniania biogazu w Europie

Rybicki C., Filanowski P., Pituła M.

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2013

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R. 16, Nr 11 (187)

4--7

EN

Within a period of the increasing demand on natural gas as the raw material of the energy large meaning gather technologies the capacitation and the preparation other gases in which the composition is found the methane being with the component of network gas. Among these unconventional gases the large meaning has gas obtained in biogas industry works and on refuse dumps (called in the further part with the biogas). In the composition of this gas they appear: the methane, the carbon dioxide, the sulphur hydrogen, water, nitrogen and trace quantities of other components. So that so obtained gas be able to be intended to the utilization as natural gas must become suitably cleaned. On spatial of last time one developed many technologies of the cleaning of this gas. In the paper one reviewed existing in Europe of modern technologies of the preparation of the biogas so, so that the final product be characterized with the high concentration of the methane, at an angle of possibilities of the use some of them in Poland. Presented technologies can underlie to the elaboration of the modification or new technologies so far not applied. Were discussed technologies applied in following countries: Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, France, Holland, Sweden. The article is finished by conclusions containing suggestions of specific uses of the technology of the capacitation of the biogas to parameters of network gas as one of manners of the diversification of deliveries of gas, and the indication of the possibility import restrictions natural gas.