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1 2023

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Delineating groundwater potential zones using an integrated geospatial and geophysical approach in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

Gyeltshen Sangay, Kannaujiya Suresh, Chhetri Indra Kumar, Chauhan Prakash

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 1

341--357

Groundwater can serve as an alternative measure to solve the scarcity in perennial water sources. In this perspective, a study has been carried out in Phuentsholing, Bhutan, for demarcating the most probable zone for groundwater source by an integrated application of geospatial and geophysical survey. The seven contributing factors (i.e. geology, geomorphology, drainage, landuse landcover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lineament, and slope are evaluated. Subsequently, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also carried out to normalize the weightage and rank of the individual factors, which are further overlaid using the Weighted Index Overlay (WIO) algorithm. The resultant groundwater potential was categorized into: extremely high (0.7%), high (54%), moderate (12.5%), low (21%), and extremely low (12%) potential zones. Each of this category is further validated by Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES-3) using Schlumberger electrode configuration and identified the most probable groundwater exploration zones towards the south-western parts of the study area. Thus, the study emphasizes on significant role of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) in aggregation with the geophysical and statistical measures to delineate the most probable location for groundwater resources in the Himalayan region.