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Assessment of the Health Risk Related to Air Pollution in Selected Polish Health Resorts

Sówka Izabela, Kobus Dominik, Skotak Krzysztof, Zathey Maciej, Merenda Beata, Paciorek Małgorzata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 10

132--145

The article discusses the tools used for air quality management in the health resorts in Poland including legal instruments, documents and activities at the regional and local level with an example of formal and legal activities, such as the so-called anti-smog resolution to limit the emission of air pollutants from the municipal and housing sectors and thus minimize the risk related to air pollution. The issue of pollution emission resulting from the spatial conditions, including spatial planning, was also indicated. The analysis of the results pertaining to the PM10 measurements from 2017–2018 available for the resorts in Lower Silesia with reference to selected resorts in other regions of Poland and the health risk assessment according to the concentration-response functions for the PM-based on longand short-term relative risk estimates derived from epidemiological studies were conducted. The exposure assessment was based on the available mathematical modelling results for the PM10 and PM2.5 concentration distributions, which was performed using the CALPUFF model for 2017. In the case of average risk indicators, the obtained values indicated that the values (for all the stays and areas of all zones (total A, B and C) peaked for the Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój health resort (over 1.1% per annum) and were lowest for Czerniawa and Świeradów-Zdrój (about 0.7%). The highest relative risk indicators in 2017 were observed for cardiovascular diseases for the first two stays in January / February (for the Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój health resort – over 5%) and for both December stays (over 2.5%). In other health resorts, the risk indicators were significantly lower. The lowest health risk indicators were observed in July, regardless of the location of the health resort and the analysed health effect (rarely exceeding 0.3%). The scale of risk in this case was much higher compared to the short-term risk.

The impact of road transport on air quality in selected Polish cities

Chlebowska-Styś Anna, Kobus Dominik, Zathey Maciej, Sówka Izabela

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

2019

Vol. 26, nr 1-2

19--36

Road transport is widely recognised to be a significant and increasing source of air pollution. In the next few decades, road transport will remain a significant contributor to air pollution in European cities. According to National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE) carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (CO2 and CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and particulate matter have the highest share of emissions from transport in Poland. The aim of the paper was to study trends of concentrations changes of CO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 in 2010–2015 in selected Polish cities (Poznan, Wroclaw, Krakow, and Warszawa). The analysis of the data showed that European cities have the problem of air pollution by particulate matter (PM). For the CO, NO2, NOx, O3 acceptable concentrations established for human health are not exceeded. Concentrations of pollutants were higher on the traffic stations. At the same time, the highest concentration of pollutants was found in Krakow. In conclusion, air quality in cities under study was influenced by both transport and geographical location.

Transport drogowy staje się coraz bardziej znaczącym źródłem emisji zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W ciągu najbliższych kilku dekad transport drogowy stanie się istotnym czynnikiem przyczyniającym się do zanieczyszczenia powietrza w miastach europejskich. W Polsce według Krajowego Ośrodka Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami (KOBiZE) ditlenek i tlenek węgla (CO2 i CO), tlenki azotu (NOx), niemetanowe lotne związki organiczne (NMLZO) i pył są głównie emitowane z transportu. Głównym celem artykułu było określenie zmienności stężeń CO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10 i PM2.5 w latach 2010–2015 w wybranych polskich miastach (Poznań, Wrocław, Kraków i Warszawa). Analiza wskazuje, że miasta te mają przede wszystkim problem z zanieczyszczeniem powietrza cząstkami stałymi (PM), podczas gdy dla pozostałych zanieczyszczeń takich jak CO, NO2, NOx, O3 poziomy ustalone dla ochrony zdrowia nie były przekraczane. Ponadto stężenia zanieczyszczeń było wyższe na stacjach komunikacyjnych niż na stacjach tła miejskiego. Spośród analizowanych miast najwyższe stężenia były rejestrowane w Krakowie.