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Structure of multicomponent and gradient PVD coatings deposited on sintered tool materials

Dobrzański L. A., Wosińska L., Gołombek K., Mikuła J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

99-102

EN

Purpose: Investigation of the Al2O3+TiC type oxide tool ceramics and cemented carbides with the multicomponent (Ti, Al)N and gradient Ti(C, N) coatings deposited with use of the cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: SEM, confocal microscopy, X-ray qualitative microanalysis of elements, X-ray qualitative phase analysis. Findings: It was stated that investigated materials have a dense, compact structure and their fracture surface topography attests their high brittleness, characteristic especially for the oxide ceramic materials. The coatings were put down uniformly onto the investigated substrate materials. They have a columnar, fine-graded structure. Practical implications: Pro-ecological dry cutting processes without the use of the cutting fluids and in the "Near-Net-Shape" technology. Originality/value: Application of multicomponent (Ti, Al)N and gradient Ti(C, N) types of coatings onto sintered tool materials in order to improve cutting properties of the tools.

2

Investigation of hard gradient PVD (Ti, Al, Si)N coating

Dobrzański L. A., Wosińska L., Mikuła J., Gołombek K., Gawarecki T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 24, nr 2

59-62

EN

Purpose: Investigation of gradient coating of (Ti,Al,Si)N deposited on the Al203+SiC(w) oxide ceramics substrate by cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: Structure of substrate and coating was investigated with use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) examination was carried out for proving the gradient character of the (Ti,Al,Si)N coating. The investigation includes also microhardness and roughness tests of the deposited coating and used substrate; The Ra surface roughness parameter measurements were made on confocal microscope. Findings: Gradient structure and main properties of the investigated materials were introduced. It has been stated, that properties of the oxide tool ceramic with gradient (Ti,Al,Si)N coating increase in comparison with uncoated material. Practical implications: Depositing the wear resistant gradient coating onto the Al203+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic results in a significant increase of the surface layer microhardness, contributing most probably in this way in machining to the decrease of the wear intensity of cutting tools' flanks made from the Al203+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic. Originality/value: Functionally gradient coating form is a new class of structures in which the microstructure and properties vary gradually from the surface to the interior of the material.

3

Multicomponent and gradient PVD coatings deposited on the sintered tool materials

Dobrzański L. A., Wosińska L., Mikuła J., Gołombek K.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2007

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Vol. 28, nr 3-4

627-630

EN

The paper presents results of examination of structure and properties of the multicomponent (Ti,Al)N and gradient Ti(C,N) wear resistant coatings, deposited with the PVD process onto the substrate from the cemented carbides, cermets and AliC^+TiC type oxide tool ceramics. The methodology includes scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal microscopy, X-ray qualitative microanalysis and surface distribution analysis of elements, X-ray qualitative phase analysis. The investigation includes also microhardness and roughness tests of the deposited coatings and used substrates. It has been showed that investigated materials are characteristic of the dense, compact structure and their fracture surface topography attests to their high bnttlcness, characteristic especially for the oxide ceramic materials. The coatings were put down uniformly onto the investigated substrate materials and are characterized by the columnar, fine-graded structure. Multicomponent (Ti,Al)N and gradient Ti(C,N) types of coatings deposited onto sintered tool materials can be used to improve cutting properties of the tools.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury i własności przeciwzużyciowych powłok wieloskładnikowych (Ti,Al)N i gradientowych Ti(C,N) naniesionych w procesie PVD na podłoże z węglików spiekanych, cermetali i tlenkowej ceramiki narzędziowej typu AliC^+TiC. Metodyka badań obejmuje skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy (SEM), mikroskop konfokalny, rentgenowską jakościową analizę fazową. Badania obejmują również pomiar mikrotwardości oraz chropowatości pokrytych powłok. Wykazano, że badane materiały charakteryzują się zwartą kompaktową strukturą, a topografia powierzchni przełomu świadczy o ich wysokiej łamliwości charakterystycznej zwłaszcza dla tlenkowych materiałów ceramicznych. Naniesione powłoki przylegająjednolicie do materiału podłoża charakteryzującego się kolumnową, drobnoziarnistą strukturą. Zastosowanie powłok wieloskładnikowych (Ti,Al)N i gradientowych Ti(C,N) naniesionych w procesie PVD na spiekane materiały narzędziowe wpływa na poprawę własności skrawnych narzędzi.

4

Comparison of electrical characteristics of silicon solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Wosińska L., Dołżańska B., Drygała A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 18, nr 1-2

215--218

EN

Purpose: The aim of this work is comparison of the operational characteristics of photovoltaic silicon cells: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Design/methodology/approach: The notion of fill factor (FF), which is characteristic for Photovoltaic quality, has been introduced to compare properties of different silicon solar cells. Basing on the indicated characteristic the analysis of cell power efficiency has been carried out and the maximum power points PMM have been determined. Findings: It has been pointed out that crystal structure and surface texture affect utility properties of the investigated Photovoltaic Silicon Cells. Moreover, it has been stated that along with the radiation intensity growth the maximum cell power increases accompanied by its efficiency deterioration and simultaneous change of the maximum power point position, what causes and short-circuit current increase. Research limitations/implications: It has been found that the cell surface texture has an important influence on utility properties of the photovoltaic cells, which is connected with the high refractivity of silicon. Therefore, development of the cell surface forming methods is of a significant influence on improvement of the photovoltaic cells properties. Practical implications: Currently the photovoltaic industry is based mostly on the crystalline and polycrystalline silicon. Limitations of the utility properties resulting from the relationships presented in this paper accompany the advantages of cells fabricated from the amorphous and polycrystalline silicon, like the low manufacturing costs and no geometrical limitations. Analysis of the discussed relationships makes optimization of the cel parameters possible, depending on the service requirements. Originality/value: Known cells were compared as regards their conversion efficiency in various lighting conditions, depending on their design and material properties.