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Comparison of the Parameters of Textile Antennas Manufactured Using Three Techniques: Magnetron Sputtering, Ink-Jet Printing and Embroidery

Nowak Iwona, Januszkiewicz Łukasz, Krucińska Izabella

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 1

1--7

EN

In this work, three textile antennas with the same geometry were produced using three different technologies: magnetron sputtering (PVD), ink-jet printing and embroidery using electroconductive yarn. In all three cases, the electrically conductive medium was the same, which was silver, known for centuries for its very good conductive properties. In order to show how the method of manufacturing antennas affects their operational parameters, the following measurements were carried out: surface resistivity, impedance, standing wave coefficient of antenna radiators, and their radiation characteristics were assessed. The surface resistivity value of the antenna paths obtained ranged from 0.05 to 1.2 Ωm/m.

2

Daily disposable contact lenses as a platform for ocular drug delivery of cyclosporine A

Michałkiewicz Ola, Nowak Iwona, Nowak Rafał, Rykowska Iwona

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 4

art. no. 172794

EN

Ophthalmic drug delivery is an important area of research that aims to improve the efficacy and convenience of treatment for various eye conditions. There are multiple ways in which drugs can be delivered to the eye, including eye drops, ointments, gels, and inserts. The most prevalent way of administering medication to the eye is through eye drops. They are easy to use and can be self-administered by patients. Nonetheless, eye drops have the disadvantage of being prone to removal by tears, which may result in insufficient drug absorption and reduced effectiveness. Irregular use of active substances can exacerbate the disease, resulting in prolonged treatment with questionable efficacy. Soft contact lenses that serve as ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDS) can become a viable substitute for traditional treatments. These polymeric lenses can be embedded with various active compounds, some of which are not readily soluble in water or physiological fluids. One such drug is Cyclosporine A (CyA), an immunosuppressant with a high molecular weight and hydrophobic properties, chronically used to treat dry eye syndrome (DES). The article discusses the development of a method for modifying Hilafilcon B contact lenses obtained from drugstores with Cyclosporine A (CyA). The drug was administered to the lenses using an immersion technique, and the process parameters were monitored to control drug release efficiency and profile. The drug release was measured in an Artificial Lacrimal Fluid (ALF) buffer, mimicking tear fluid with a pH of 7.9. The stability of CyA in this buffer was assessed. For the parameters used, the best drug application and release profile was achieved by immersing the contact lenses for 24 hours at 25°C in a CyA solution containing 20 μg/ml of the active substance and adding 5 mg/ml of Vitamin E.

3

Dlaczego eliminacja Gaussa działa i dlaczego jest taka pomocna?

Adrianowicz Katarzyna, Nowak Iwona

MINUT Matematyka i Informatyka na Uczelniach Technicznych

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2023

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Nr 5

149-164

PL

Proces eliminacji Gaussa kojarzony jest najczęściej z rozwiązywaniem układów równań liniowych, jednak metoda ta może być z powodzeniem stosowana do obliczania wyznaczników, wyznaczania macierzy odwrotnej lub obliczania rzędu macierzy. W tej pracy pokażemy nie tyle jak stosować proces eliminacji Gaussa do wymienionych powyżej zagadnień, ile wytłumaczymy, dlaczego on działa. Zakładamy, że Czytelnik zna podstawowe pojęcia związane z macierzami, wyznacznikami i układami równań liniowych.

4

Innovative Knitted Fabrics Containing Lateral Propagation Optical Fibres Designed for Children with Autism – Preliminary Study

Nowak Iwona

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 5 (149)

56--60

EN

The article presents an analysis of preliminary research on the functionalisation of knitted fabrics in such a way that they can perform a therapeutic function and be used as a chromotherapy tool for children with autism. Knitted fabric with optical fibres comprisesan innovative approach to the topic of helping the sick and their families, where colour therapy treatment can be performed at home, following the recommendations of the attending physician or therapist.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wstępne badania nad funkcjonalizacją dzianin w taki sposób, aby mogły pełnić funkcję terapeutyczną i służyć jako narzędzie do chromoterapii dzieci z autyzmem. Dzianina ze światłowodami to nowatorskie podejście do tematu pomocy chorym i ich rodzinom, zabieg koloroterapii może być wykonywany w domu, zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza prowadzącego lub terapeuty.

5

Phototherapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot - A Preliminary Study

Mikołajczyk Zbigniew, Nowak Iwona, Kawiński Andrzej, Mik Michał

Autex Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 4

482--490

EN

The first part of the publication presents a substantively insightful literature study on the essence and effects of light waves on wound healing in living organisms, including the use of phototherapy in the treatment of the diabetic foot. A knitted textile dressing was designed and manufactured for phototherapy of patients with diabetes suffering from diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). The proposed solution is intended for the treatment of dermal tissues within the patient's foot affected because of diabetic disease at an early stage. Thus, the use of a knitted dressing with incorporated fiber optic structures and powered by a semiconductor laser emitting a 405 nm light wave from its entire surface would prevent further anomalies of the patient's tissues and help to avoid surgical intervention.

6

Metallic Electroconductive Transmission Lines Obtained on Textile Substrates by Magnetron Sputtering

Nowak Iwona, Krucińska Izabella, Januszkiewicz Łukasz

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 3 (135)

51--57

EN

The paper discusses the results of research concerning the formation of electroconductive transmission lines on textile substrates using the magnetron sputtering technique. The transmission lines developed can potentially be applied in clothing for emergency and security services to affect electrical connections between electronic elements incorporated in the garments. The time of metallic layer deposition and the type of substrate used was optimised in the study. The surface resistivity, resistance to bending and abrasion of the transmission lines obtained were tested. The tests demonstrated that it is possible to obtain electroconductive copper layers with a surface resistivity approximating 0.2 Ω by direct deposition on spun-bonded type polypropylene nonwoven.

PL

W pracy metodą rozpylania magnetronowego wytworzono ścieżki elektroprzewodzące na podłożach tekstylnych do zastosowania w odzieży dla służb bezpieczeństwa. Optymalizowano czas depozycji warstwy oraz rodzaj użytego substratu tekstylnego. Zbadano rezystywność powierzchniową, odporność na zginanie i ścieranie wytworzonych ścieżek.

7

Reconstruction of selected operating parametersof a thermoelectric device

Nowak Iwona, Buchalik Ryszard, Nowak Grzegorz

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

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2019

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Vol. 26, no. 1

36--46

EN

This paper presents preliminary research aimed at recognizing some selected operating parameters of a thermoelectric device. The inverse problem was formulated, for the solution of which a population heuristics (Ant Colony Optimization) was used. In the inverse task, selected parameters important for the cell operation were reconstructed based on relatively easy to obtain temperature measurements within heat exchangers and appropriate measurements of electrical quantities. The heuristics used, reconstructs the estimated variables, minimizing the differences between data from the measurements and data calculated in the model for their determined values. Since inverse tasks, as ill-conditioned problems, are characterized by high sensitivity to measurement errors, the tests began with calculations based on numerically generated data in order to fully maintain control of their disturbances.

8

Wpływ technologii wytwarzania na parametry anten tekstylnych

Nowak Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2017

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z. 73

37--65

PL

Praca doktorska składa się z części teoretycznej, eksperymentalnej oraz wniosków. Cześć eksperymentalna rozprawy doktorskiej składa się z trzech części. W pracy wytworzono anteny tekstylne trzema różnymi metodami: fizycznego osadzania z fazy gazowej, drukowania ink-jet oraz haftowania. Wszystkie te metody zostały wykorzystane do wytworzenia anteny o tej samej geometrii (anteny Vee). Taki rodzaj anteny może zostać wykorzystany w odzieży inteligentnej do przekazywania informacji o parametrach życiowych użytkownika. Potencjalnymi użytkownikami takiej odzieży mogą być strażacy, żołnierze, dzieci i osoby starsze. W elektronice noszonej zarówno nadajnik, jak i antena są ulokowane bardzo blisko ludzkiego ciała. Muszą one posiadać niewielkie wymiary i być lekkie, tak aby nie ograniczać komfortu użytkowania takiego systemu. Aby wytworzyć antenę tekstylną konieczne jest wytworzenie ścieżki elektroprzewodzącej na podłożu włókienniczym. W pracy właściwości elektryczne ścieżek elektroprzewodzących zostały ocenione na podstawie pomiaru oporności elektrycznej. Charakter, ciągłość i grubość ścieżek została oceniona za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM). Parametry elektryczne anten tekstylnych zostały ocenione na podstawie pomiaru impedancji wejściowej oraz współczynnika fali stojącej (WFS) odniesionego Z0 = 50 Ω. Pomiary charakterystyki promieniowania anten tekstylnych zostały wykonane w wolnej przestrzeni przy zastosowaniu generatora sygnału, analizatora widma i anteny pomiarowej. W pracy pokazano możliwość wytworzenie anten tekstylnym z zastosowaniem trzech różnych metod: fizycznego osadzania z fazy gazowej, drukowania ink-jet oraz haftowania. Najmniejszą wartość oporu elektrycznego uzyskano dla ścieżki antenowej wyprodukowanej z zastosowaniem metody PVD.

EN

The research and analysis of this work are divides into three parts, textile antennas were produced using three different methods: PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition), ink-jet printing and embroidery. For all of these methods the same antenna’s geometry (Vee antenna) was made. That kind of textile antenna can be used in smart clothes to transmit information about parameters of people’s life (firefighters, soldiers, babies, old people). In wearable communication system, both the transceiver and the antenna are located very close to human body. The requires very small and lightweight electronic components that have almost no impact on the user’s comfort. Textile antennas are widely used in wearable personal communication system. Electroconductive properties of formed antenna’s paths are evaluated by measuring surface electrical resistivity. The character, continuity and thickness of the paths are observed studying the images of surface and cross-sections of substrates under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrical parameters of textile antenna are verified by measurement of antenna input impedance and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) referred to the impedance Z0 = 50 Ω of the antenna structures. Measurements of antenna’s radiation pattern are carried out in free space (open area test site), using a signal generator, spectrum analyzer and a measuring antenna. The possibility of making the effectively working textile antennas using Physical Vapour Deposition, ink-jet printing technique and embroidery technique has been shown. The antennas can be places in smart clothes and become part of electronics components of clothing. The smallest value of electrical resistivity of antenna’s paths exhibit the paths produce using the PVD process.