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A new type of dielectric bolometer mode of infrared detector using ferroelectricn thin film capacitors for uncooled focal plane array

Noda M., Hashimoto K., Kubo R., Tanaka H., Mukaigawa T., Xu H., Okuyama M.

Opto-Electronics Review

1999

Vol. 7, No. 4

313-320

We have developed a new type of detector pixel circuit operated in an infrared image sensor of dielectric bolometer mode. The detector pixel consists of capacitors of ferroelectric thin film, whose dielectricc constant changes drastically with temperature. After comparing a few kind of ferroelectric materials such as Ba₁₋xSrxTiO₃ (BST) and La modified Sr₁₋xBaxNb₂O₆ (SBN) among each other, the BST is selected as the ferroelectric film in the structure of the detector. Our proposed circuit is a serially connected capacitor-capacitor, where one capacitor is composed of a BST ferroelectric thin film irradiated by infrared light and the other is nonirradiated one. BST film has been prepared on Si membrane structure by pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). Dielectric constant of the BST film, which is about 450 at 25°C, changes by about 1 to 10% K⁻¹ at ambient temperature. As a result of on-board evaluation of the assembled circuit with a source-follower output, the output level is about 40 mV when a relative capacitance change in the capacitor is about 3%. On the other hand, in PSPICE circuit simulations, the output level is about 25 mV when a relative capacitance change in the capacitor of about 100 pF is 1%. The simulated relationship between the output voltage of the assembled circuit and capacitance change of the BST film agrees well with that in the experimental results. It is considered that the circuit has enough output signal level for input of conventional operational amplifier. Voltage responsivity Rv, and specific detectivity D* estimated from temperature change of dielectric constant are 50 kVW⁻¹ and 6.5 x 10⁹ cmHz¹/² W⁻¹, respectively, which means high-sensitivity compared to the other type of IR sensors. The pixel structure also shows a simple configuration, and then is very effective in reducing their pixel size and then increasing the pixel density.

Palaeontology and stratigraphy of the inoceramid species from the mid-Turonian through upper Middle Coniacian in Japan

Noda M., Matsumoto T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

1998

Vol. 48, no. 4

435-482

Upper Cretaceous strata are well exposed in many areas of Japan, although good exposures through the Turonian/Coniacian boundary are not common. This paper focuses on six areas in Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu and documents the stratigrophical distributions of inoceramid species. These data are used to summarise the stratigraphical ranges of Turonian/Coniacian taxa in Japan. In part 1 of the paper, 17 species are described, with some biometric data and phylogenetic interpretation. These species are: Inoceramus (Inoceramus) hobestensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (I.) teshioensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (I.) iburiensis NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I. (I>) tenuistriatus NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I.(I.) pedalionoides NAGAO & MATSUMOTO, I.(I.) lusatiae ANDERT, I.(I.) uwajimensis YEHARA, I. (Cremnoceramus) rotundatus FIEGE, I. (Cr.) ernsti HEINZ, I. (Cr.) deformis MEEK, I. (Cr.) lueckendorfensis TROGER, I. (Platyceramus) tappuensis nom., nov., I. (Pl.) szaszi NODA & UCHIDA, I. (Volviceramus) koeneni MULLER, Mytiloides incertus (JIMBO), M. mytiloidiformis (TROGER), and M. sublabiatus (MULLER). In part 2, the stratigraphical distribution and correlation of these species are discussed.