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1

Śmierć w walce : próba konceptualizacji teoretycznej

Jarmoszko S.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2003

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nr 4(53)

349-364

EN

The article presents theoretical conceptualisation of death in the battlefield in the psychosocial dimension. This problem, although immanent in any army and its operations, is not adequately represented in military sciences. It is mainly studied in the context of psychosocial effects of armed fighting but without any deeper and broader perspective. Therefore, the author after describing the place and importance in the military science of the problem of death, characterises the essence of the phenomenon basing mainly on Western literature. He shows the so called anatomy of inflicting death, defining general conditions of motivation to inflict death and the phenomenon of natural resistance towards people killing other people. Such elements as authority demands, influence of the social group, individual predisposition, distance to the victim and victim’s attractiveness as a target have been described. Then there have been presented the psychophysiology of inflicting death, i.e. the whole of co-ordinated psychological and physiological phenomena occurring in the organism (especially in people’s mentality) during the process of killing and after that fact. In the context of entering the so called Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD), there have been presented broad, non-military war costs that are caused by soldiers’ death on the battlefield and the whole of phenomena connected with this.

2

Kierunki rozwoju sił zbrojnych we współczesnym świecie. Cz. 2

Jarmoszko S.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2002

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nr 1(46)

37--51

EN

The characteristics of the main areas of the armed forces development is continued in Part 2 of the article and the transformations of the remaining ones - armament and equipment and also the functions and principles of their actions have been discussed. Technological problems have been considered in the area of reconnaissance (total character, precision, depersonalisation), destruction effectiveness (improving techniques and technologies, entering new areas, universal as-sets, “cyber war”) and protection against enemy actions (camouflage, platearmour, robotic battle field). Four basic directions of the military technology development, i.e. mobility, destruction force, universal and multifunctional character and resistance have been presented. The changing nature of the armed forces and war results in transformations not only in battlefield instruments. The battlefield shrinks in the space and temporal dimensions (condensation and compression of time-space). The balance of battlefield energy and information factor allows for more sophisticated and flexible intermediate and manoeuvre actions. The border between a classical defence and assault fades (focal-spatial character of actions, enlarged and non-linear battlefield). The synergetic integration of armed and non-military actions develops.

3

Kierunki rozwoju sił zbrojnych we współczesnym świecie. Cz. 1

Jarmoszko S.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2001

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nr 4(45)

56-66

EN

In the article the current armed forces development in the North Atlantic region has been analysed and particular extrapolations have been attempted. In this part of the article the basic conditions for military forces development have been presented: the economic wealth of the state, progressive defence economics, political and social will, the development of science and technology, international situation, the development of military thought and art of war, the reality of contemporary and future battlefield, the character of threats. Also general tendencies of armed forces' development (starting with biological era, through mechanical until the electronic one) have been discussed as a consequence of civilisation changes. The characteristics of the main areas of the armed forces' development have been shown. There have been described transformations in personnel resources (armed forces shrinking white the level of professionalism is increasing, the growth of professional competence, women's military emancipation) and organisational structures (the increase of mobility and manoeuvrability, their universal character and autonomy, the development of international structures, command automation).