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2 Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2 2019

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Saccadic eye movements and their influence on kinematics of several body segments in the elderly while standing

Bizovska Lucia, Vagaja Milena, Mihalova Diana, Janura Miroslav

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2019

Vol. 21, no. 2

121--126

It is well known that postural stability is influenced by visual stimuli. The influence of saccadic eye movement on postural control has been described, however, a specific response of different body segments has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements on postural stability with specific focus on upper trunk, lower trunk and lower limbs movement variability and complexity. Methods: Eighteen elderly participants (aged 70.3 ± 7.7 years) stood in bipedal stance in three visual conditions – horizontal saccades, vertical saccades and fixation. Accelerometers were attached to their lower back, sternum and shanks. Movement variability of each body segment was described by root-mean-square and sample entropy of acceleration. Results: The results of the present study revealed significant influence of saccadic eye movements on anterior-posterior and vertical shanks, and vertical lower trunk movement variability described by root-mean-square. Conclusions: The correlations between results of the observed segments showed segment-specific variability patterns but generalised complexity pattern.

Jumping performance and take-off efficiency in two different age categories of female volleyball players

Jandova Sona, Janura Miroslav

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2019

Vol. 21, no. 2

55--61

Vertical jump height is recognised as a determinant factor in elite volleyball performance. In previous studies there are different opinions on whether vertical jump height performance improves during maturation or not. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in jumping abilities in two different age groups of female volleyball players and to determine the take-off efficiency during repeated jumps. Methods: Seventeen female volleyball players from two different age categories – adults and under 16 years – participated in this study. Quattro Jump 9290BA force platform (Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland) was used to assess the jumping performance during squat jumps, counter movement jumps, and 45-second continuous jumps. Results: Jumping performance did not differ significantly between the two groups. The main efficiency of the conversion of mechanical work into mechanical energy was only 24% and it decreased during the test. Conclusions: The influence of age on the jumping performance in a group of female volleyball players was not confirmed. Take-off efficiency was in both groups quite low and it did not improve during the test.