Issues discussed in the article pertain to the human resources structure and instruments of its improvement in the context of the company effectiveness increase. The discussed issue seems to be important in the situation of radically changing market conditions which force the companies to search for solutions allowing them to meet higher and higher requirements of the competition. Due to the fact that intensification of fixed assets does not bring expected results anymore, the companies are forced to search for sources for their own competitive advantage in the area of non-tangible assets, which are difficult to copy. Therefore currently the quality of human resources is recognized as a key factor determining effectiveness of the company next to the factors of material character, which are ascribed secondary significance. Quality of human resources is determined by particular components of the structural dimension of these resources, i.e. the level of knowledge, skills and motivation to work. The level of quality of human resources determines creativity of employees and promptness of their reactions to changes occurring in their surroundings, which in turn decides about the place of a company in the competitive race for a client. Intellectual possibilities of an employee are a source of affluence of a modern company. However, the lasting advantage on the market can be obtained only by these companies which can effectively manage human resources, i.e. engage, maintain and properly involve the best employees in realization of their targets, avoiding various errors in this process. The problem of measuring the effectiveness of human resources management remains an open question in human resources research.
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