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Thermal Stability of AA1050 Aluminum Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Koprowski P., Bogucki R., Bieda M., Kawałko J., Sztwiertnia K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 2A

777--786

EN

The annealing behavior of AA1050 aluminum alloy deformed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was studied experimentally. The material was subjected to extrusion through die with channels intersecting at an 90° angle. Samples were pressed for up to 8 passes using route BC, then cut into slices and subsequently annealed for 1 hour at temperatures from 100°C to 350°C. Hardness measurements were performed on each slice. Microstructure of material was analyzed in the longitudinal section by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction system in a scanning electron microscope (EBSD/SEM). From the obtained sets of Kikuchi diffraction patterns orientation maps and Image Quality maps were determined. Grain size, disorientation distributions and crystallographic texture were also estimated. ECAP caused significant improvement of hardness, with stabilization after 4 passes. Refinement of microstructure was obtained with the increasing amount of passes. Material properties were stable during annealing at temperatures lower than 150°C. Annealing at higher temperatures caused a decrease in hardness corresponding to an increase of the grain size.

2

Microstructure of Commercial Purity Titanium Subjected to Complex Loading by the Kobo Method

Kawałko J., Bieda M., Sztwiertnia K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

31--36

EN

Observations of refined microstructure of Commercial Purity titanium for applications in biomedical devices has been carried out. Refinement of titanium microstructure has been performed in process with complex strain scheme. Materials investigated in this work were: Commercial Purity titanium grade 2 and grade 4. Samples of as received materials were subjected to plastic deformation in complex loading process of extrusion combined with oscillation twisting (KoBo extrusion). Both types of samples were deformed in single step of extrusion, in temperature of 450 °C, with extrusion ratio 19.14 and 12.25 for grade 2 titanium and grade 4 titanium, respectively. Initial mean grain diameter for both types of materials was approximately 30 μm. Samples were investigated by means of crystal orientation microscopy. In both cases considerable microstructure refinement has been observed. Microstructures of deformed samples are heterogenous and consist of both elongated and fine equiaxed grains. Elongated grains (lamellae) are separated by High Angle Grain Boundaries and feature internal structure with subgrains and dislocation walls. Grain refinement is stronger in material with higher extrusion ratio and mean grain diameter in this case is equal to 1.48 μm compared to 8.07 μm. in material with lower extrusion ratio. Mean misorientation angle (24° and 27° for grade 4 and grade 2 titanium) indicates high fraction of HAGBs in microstructures of KoBo deformed samples. Misorientation fluctuations inside grains have been analyzed and distinct curvature of crystal lattice have been observed. Hardness of samples after plastic deformation increased from 174.6±3.4 and 234.9±3.5 to 205.0±3.2 and 251.2±2.2 for titanium grade 2 and grade 4 respectively.

3

Microstructure of polycrystalline zinc subjected to plastic deformation by complex loading

Sztwiertnia K., Kawałko J., Bieda M., Berent K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2013

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Vol. 58, iss. 1

157-161

EN

Polycrystalline, high purity (99,995%) zinc ingot was subjected to KoBo type extrusion in room temperature. Material was extruded to form of a 2 mm diameter wire, extrusion die oscillated during process by an angle š8 at a frequency of 5 Hz and the extrusion speed was 0.5 mm/s. Final product was tested for tensile strength and yielded R0;2 = 150MPa and Rm = 250MPa. Microstructure of both extruded and initial materials was investigated by means of high resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in Quanta 3D FEG scanning electron microscope (SEM). Observations revealed that microstructure of extruded zinc sample is highly heterogeneous and consists of grains elongated slightly in the direction of extrusion. Grains dimensions ranges from over one hundred microns down to submicron scale while grains in the non-deformed material are equiaxed with mean diameter of approximately 200 microns. Other microstructure features such as intergranular bands and partly fragmented primary grains with subgrain structure are observed. Furthermore detailed study of local microstrains by Imaqe Quality Factor analysis are performed. Presence of Geometrically Necessary and Statistically Stored Dislocations is assessed. Thick areas of highly distorted lattice adjacent to High Angle Grain Boundaries are revealed. Microstrain mapping suggest composite-like microstructure of deformed material, that might explain its superior mechanical properties.

PL

Polikrystaliczny cynk o wysokiej czystości (99,995%) został poddany wyciskaniu metodą KoBo w temperaturze pokojowej. Materiał został wyciśnięty do postaci drutu o średnicy 2 mm. Matryca podczas procesu odkształcania oscylowała o kat 8 stopni z częstotliwością 5 Hz a prędkość wyciskania ustalono na 0.5 mm/s. Produkt koncowy poddany został testowi wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, uzyskane wyniki to R0;2 = 150MPa and Rm = 250MPa. Mikrostruktura materiału wyjściowego i odkształconego została zbadana metodami wysoko rozdzielczej dyfrakcji elektronów wstecznie rozproszonych (EBSD) w skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym Quanta 3D FEG (SEM). Przeprowadzone obserwacje wskazują na silnie heterogeniczny charakter mikrostruktury odkształconego cynku, która składa się z ziarn lekko wydłużonych w kierunku wyciskania. Rozmiary ziarn wahają sięod ponad stu mikrometrów do poniżej jednego mikrometra, podczas gdy materiał nieodkształcony składa się z równoosiowych ziarn o średnich rozmiarach rzędu 200 mikrometrów. Inne zaobserwowane cechy mikrostruktury to ciągnące się przez całą próbkę pasma drobnych ziarn oraz częściowo rozdrobnione ziarna pierwotne ze strukturą podziarnową. Ponadto wykorzystując rozkłady parametru jakości obrazu dyfrakcyjnego przeprowadzono szczegółowa analize pól mikroodkształceń. Dokonano oceny obecności dyslokacji geometrycznie niezbędnych oraz nagromadzen dyslokacji przypadkowych. Zidentyfikowano szerokie obszary silnie zniekształconej sieci krystalicznej rozciągniete wzdłuż granic dużego kąta. Analiza rozkładu mikroodkształceń w materiale odkształconym wskazuje na podobienstwo mikrostruktury tego materiału do struktury kompozytu. Taka charakterystyka może tłumaczyć znaczny wzrost właściwosci mechanicznych materiału po wyciskaniu KoBo.