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Vortex-type granulation machines: technological basis of calculation and implementation roadmap

Artyukhov Artem, Krmela Jan, Krmelová Vladimira, Ospanov Dastan

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 4

347--356

EN

This work is devoted to describing the technological foundations and the main stages of calculating granulation machines with active hydrodynamic modes. The optimisation criterion is substantiated when choosing the design of the granulation machine. The work uses methods of analysis and synthesis, search for cause-and-effect relationships, theoretical and computer modelling, and experimental studies. The nodes of the vortex granulator directly influence the formation of a vortex fluidised bed, and the directional movement of granules of various sizes are determined. A technique for carrying out a computer simulation of the hydrodynamic operating conditions of a granulation machine in various operating modes with an assessment of the quality of granulated products (e.g., the production of porous ammonium nitrate) is proposed. The results of a computer simulation of the process of formation of a vortex fluid-ised bed are presented. A variant of the solution for developing an automation scheme for a vortex-type granulation machine is shown. A roadmap for introducing granulation technology in vortex-type granulation machines is described with details of the main stages. The prospects for improving the design of a vortex-type granulation machine and optimising the operation of a granulation plant to produce porous ammonium nitrate are outlined.

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Minimization of Soil Pollution as a Result of the Use of Encapsulated Mineral Fertilizers

Vakal Serhii, Yanovska Anna, Vakal Viktoriia, Artyukhov Artem, Shkola Viktoriia, Yarova Tetiana, Dmitrikov Valerii, Krmela Jan, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

221--230

EN

The application of nitrogen fertilizers allows increasing crop yields and partially increase the natural soil fertility. They have a negative influence on the environment due to the significant release of nitrogen. Hence, the technology for decreasing the N-release is proposed in this work. Obtaining of complex organo-mineral NPK fertilizers by encapsulating a carbamide granule with a phosphate-potassium shell with humates is the main aim of this work. The main tasks of this shell is slow release of the nitrogen and phosphate nutrients from the granules into the soil following the agrochemical needs of plants and prevention of soil pollution. The powdered components agglomeration of phosphate and potassium fertilizers with a small amount of liquid phase (plasticizer) allows forming a phosphate-containing coating on a carbamide core by means of the semi-dry method. This innovation allows organizing the production of such a product at the average enterprise with less capital investment. Carbamide prills, phosphate-glauconite concentrate, calcium and potassium ballast humate, and “Avatar” trace-element chelate complex were used in experimental studies. A preliminary assessment of the market prospects for such an innovation shows a high level of market attractiveness for all market participants: producers, consumers, and society.

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Technology for porous ammonium nitrate production: modeling of drying machines’ operating modes

Artyukhova Nadiia, Krmela Jan, Artyukhov Artem, Krmelová Vladimíra, Gavendová Mária, Bakošová Alžbeta

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 4

art. no. e137585

EN

The article deals with the technological principles regarding the final drying process of the porous ammonium nitrate (PAN) granules in multistage gravitational shelf dryers. The data on the dryer’s optimal technological operating modes are obtained. PAN samples are studied; the regularity of the porous structure change in the granule depending on the dryer’s hydrodynamic and thermodynamic conditions is established. Experimental data obtained during the research will be used to create a methodology for the engineering calculation of gravitational shelf dryers. Moreover, the data on the optimal operating conditions of the drying machines at the final drying stage will be used to improve the technology to form porous granules from agricultural ammonium nitrate.

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Fluidized bed in gravitational shelf dryers: optimization calculation

Artyukhova Nadiia, Krmela Jan, Krmelová Vladimíra, Artyukhov Artem, Gavendová Mária

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3

art. no. e137388

EN

The article deals with studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed in gravitation shelf dryers. The algorithm to calculate hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed in the dryer’s workspace is described. Every block of the algorithm has a primary hydrodynamic characteristics theoretical model of calculation. Principles of disperse phase motion in various areas in the gravitation shelf dryer are established. The software realization of the author’s mathematic model to calculate disperse phase motion trajectory in a free and constrained regime, disperse phase residence time in the dryers’ workspace, polydisperse systems classification is proposed in the study. Calculations of disperse phase motion hydrodynamic characteristics using the software product ANSYS CFX, based on the author’s mathematic model, are presented in the article. The software product enables automating calculation simultaneously by several optimization criteria and visualizing calculation results in the form of 3D images. The disperse phase flow velocity fields are obtained; principles of a wide fraction of the disperse phase distribution in the workspace of the shelf dryer are fixed. The way to define disperse phase residence time91 in the workspace of the shelf dryer in free (without consideration of cooperation with other particles and dryer’s elements) and con-strained motion regimes is proposed in the research. The calculation results make a base for the optimal choice of the gravitation shelf dryer working chamber sizes.