The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of two alternative systems used for jumping performance measurement. Methods: Two groups of subjects were tested. The first group consisted of 15 male adults (21.3 ± 1.7 years ) and the second group consisted of 16 female volleyball players (17.2 ± 0.9 years). We used three different systems of data collection in the study. Two of the used systems are based on optoelectric components. The Optojump Next system is referred to as the optoelectric system, and BTS Smart-E is refered to as the video system. Concurrent validity of these systems was verified with the use of “gold standard” which is force platform. All systems were used to estimate the height of vertical jumps. Results: Both optoelectric systems occurred to be highly reliable with the ICCs=0.98 for Optojump and 0.9 for BTS Smart. Their concurrent validity with the force platform data was also very high r=0.99 and r=0.97 respectively. Conclusions: Comparison of these two systems shows distinct differences between them where Optojump system is more suitable for quick and reliable sports testing, when BTS-Smart for research and clinical testing.
Purpose: The patients expect optimal knee function after Total Knee Arthroplasty. It is necessary to apply appropriate surgical technique and supervised physical therapy. The optimal management of posterior cruciate ligament remains controversial. Both implant designs, i.e., cruciate retaining and posterior substituting, allow the orthopedic surgeon to achieve excellent clinical outcomes, as measured by commonly used questionnaires. Such methods of assessment may poorly reflect the functional status of patients. Therefore, three-dimensional gait analysis is recommended to evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention. This study sought to determine differences in kinematic gait parameters and Knee Society Score between cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting patients. Methods:23 individuals after cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty and 19 individuals after posterior-substituting total knee arthroplasty were subjected to gait analysis using three-dimensional motion capture system BTS Smart DX 7000. In addition, gait was assessed in 21 patients with knee osteoarthritis and in 30 healthy individuals. Results: The study did not reveal differences between cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting groups, both in terms of Knee Society Score and kinematic gait parameters. There were also no differences in kinematic gait parameters between patients from the knee osteoarthritis group and total knee arthroplasty groups. The analyzed parameters in all of the groups differed significantly from those found in healthy individuals. Conclusions: Surgical technique and implant design do not affect values of kinematic gait parameters evaluated under natural walking speed. Several months after surgery the patients still demonstrated alterations in gait pattern, similar to those recorded in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-week sEMG-biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training program on pelvic floor muscle activity in young continent women. Methods: Pelvic floor muscle activity was recorded using a vaginal probe during five experimental trials. Biofeedback training was continued for 6 weeks, 3 times a week. Muscle strenghtening and endurance exercises were performed alternately. SEMG (surface electromyography) measurements were recorded on four different occasions: before training started, after the third week of training, after the sixth week of training, and one month after training ended. Results: A 6-week sEMG-biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training program significantly decreased the resting activity of the pelvic floor muscles in supine lying and standing. The ability to relax the pelvic floor muscles after a sustained 60-second contraction improved significantly after the 6-week training in both positions. SEMG-biofeedback training program did not seem to affect the activity of the pelvic floor muscles or muscle fatigue during voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions. Conclusions: SEMG-biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training might be recommended for physiotherapists to improve the effectiveness of their relaxation techniques.
The study aimed to establish the short- and long-term effects of vibration on postural stability in young men. A single set of exercises and a 4-week vibration training were assessed for their impact on the center of foot pressure (COP) sway. The sample consisted of 49 male subjects randomly allocated to seven comparative groups, six of which exercised on a vibration platform whose parameters were set individually for the groups. Group VII was the control group. The stabilographic signal was recorded before the test commenced, after a single application of vibration, before the last set of exercises of the 4-week vibration training, immediately afterwards, as well as one week and one month after the training ended. The subjects were exposed to vibration 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Both a single application of vibration and the 4-week vibration training had an effect on all parameter values, but most changes were statistically insignificant. Group III was the only one where the COP sway in the anterior-posterior direction significantly increased after a single exposure to vibration and significantly decreased in both anterior-posterior and medio-lateral planes one week after vibration training compared with the pre-test recordings.
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The aim of this study was to check whether there was a correlation between the value of the maximum developed torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle and subjective evaluation of a patient's pain which is measured by the VAS. Also evaluated were changes in the muscle torque value and KSS scale over time. For examining patient's condition use was made of a KSS scale (knee score: pain, range of motion, stability of joint and limb axis) before the surgery and in weeks 6 and 12, as well as 6 months after surgery. It was found to be constantly improving in comparison with the condition before the surgery. This is confirmed by a significant statistical value difference of KSS scale. The surgery substantially increases the quality of live and function recurrence.
Na temat reakcji posturalnej dziecka na obciążenie w postaci plecaka powstało wiele prac badawczych. Oceniały one parametry stabilograficzne, zmiany w postawie ciała, relacje między ciężarem i położeniem plecaka, a jakością tych zmian. Autorzy chcąc uzupełnić dotychczas uzyskaną wiedzę na ten temat zdecydowali się na zaprojektowanie badania, które obejmuje próby z plecakiem założonym nie tylko z tyłu, ale i z przodu ciała co pozwoli stwierdzić czy tak zadane obciążenie wywoła różne wzorce kompensacyjne.
EN
Until now many researches about Children‟s postural response to backpack load were done. Research workers have already evaluated changes in the posturographic parameters, body posture, relationship between the size, location of the backpack and the quality of these changes etc. To broaden knowledge about that issue authors decided to do experiment which compares two situations: when backpack is placed at the back and in the front of the body. Such experiment may point out whether this two conditions determine different compensation patterns.
Celem pracy była ocena zmian amplitudy sygnału bioelektrycznego mięśnia czworogłowego uda, rejestrowanego podczas maksymalnego skurczu izometrycznego {maximum voluntary contraction - MVC) przed i po serii testów funkcjonalnych. Badaniu poddano 22 osoby zakwalifikowane do zabiegu endoplastyki stawu kolanowego. Zaobserwowano wzrost wartości amplitudy sygnału bioelektrycznego poszczególnych głów mięśnia czworogłowego podczas maksymalnego skurczu izometrycznego (MVC) po wykonanych testach funkcjonalnych. Mogłoby to świadczyć o zmęczeniu mięśnia i konieczności uwzględnienia tego efektu w procedurach normalizacji zapisu EMG oraz podczas interpretacji wyników lub modyfikacji metodyki prowadzonych testów funkcjonalnych.
EN
The aim of this paper was the evaluation of the change of the bioelectrical signal amplitude of the guadriceps femoris muscle traffic recorded during the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC test) before and after functional tests are conducted, which could influence the analysis and interpretation of the normalized bioelectrical signal. The research was conducted at the Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology Department at the, Silesian Medical University in Katowice. Twenty-two people with gonarthrosis underwent the clinical evaluation and were qualifited for the endoplastic surgery. The EMG was used register the tension of the quadriceps femoris muscle MyoTrace (Noraxon, USA). It has been observed, the amplitude value executed after the functional test increase statiscially with respect of the conducted. However, not all of the examinet quadriceps femoris muscle showed significant differences. It could prove the muscle’s fatigue and the necesity of considering this effect in the normalization procedures of EMG as well as during the interpretation of the results all the modification of the methodology of the conduction functional tests.
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The complex methodology of investigations was applied to study a movement structure on bench press. We have checked the usefulness of multimodular measuring system (SMART-E, BTS company, Italy) and a special device for tracking the position of barbell (pantograph). Software Smart Analyser was used to create a database allowing chosen parameters to be compared. The results from different measuring devices are very similar, therefore the replacement of many devices by one multimodular system is reasonable. In our study, the effect of increased barbell load on the values of muscles activity and bar kinematics during the flat bench press movement was clearly visible. The greater the weight of a barbell, the greater the myoactivity of shoulder muscles and vertical velocity of the bar. It was also confirmed the presence of the so-called sticking point (period) during the concentric phase of the bench press. In this study, the initial velocity of the barbell decreased (vmin) not only under submaximal and maximal loads (90 and 100% of the one repetition maximum; 1-RM), but also under slightly lighter weights (70 and 80% of 1-RM).
Wstęp. Celem pracy jest porównanie efektów leczniczych z zastosowaniem zautomatyzowanej ortozy oraz toksyny botulinowej u dziecka z diplegią. Materiał i metody. Przeprowadzono 4-tygodniowy trening na bieżni ruchomej z zastosowaniem zautomatyzowanej ortozy u pacjenta z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym. Na miesiąc przed planowaną terapią chodu pacjentowi wprowadzono dodatkowe leczenie z zastosowaniem toksyny botulinowej (BTX-A), obustronnie w mięsień brzuchaty łydki. Oceniano wybrane parametry chodu (prędkość, dystans) oraz zdolność do wykonywania zadań złożonych przed i po terapii, z wykorzystaniem testów funkcjonalnych chodu (6-minutowy, 10-metrowy test marszowy chodu, Get Up&Go oraz Tinetti test) jako narzędzi pomiarowych. Uzyskane wyniki przed i po terapii porównywano między sobą. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano wzrost prędkości chodu na podstawie 10-metrowego testu marszowego oraz pokonanego dystansu w teście 6-minutowym marszowym chodu. Wnioski. Trening chodu z zastosowaniem zautomatyzowanej ortozy poprawia zdolność pacjenta do pokonywania dłuższych dystansów oraz zmniejsza obciążenie terapeuty w porównaniu z tradycyjną terapią chodu.
EN
Objective. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of automated training supported by a driven gait orthosisand botulinum toxin in a child with diplegia. Methods. Treadmill training with a driven gait orthosis was applied in 13 years old patient with celebral palsy. One month before therapy, patient had applied injection of botulinum toxic within the leg muscles gastrocnemius. The results before and after locomotor therapy were assessed by 6-minute Walking Test, 10-meter Timing Test, Get Up&Go test and Tinetti Test. Results. After locomotor training the speed and gait distance increased what was confirmed by 10-meter Walking Test and 6-minute Walking Test. Conclusions. Training with gait driven orthosis can increase walk distance and reduce workload of therapists, in comparison with the conventional gait therapy.
Celem niniejszej pracy było sprawdzenie, czy podczas wykonywania zadania ruchowego z pozycji wyjściowej, powrót do pozycji końcowej wykonywany jest w to samo miejsce. Zaobserwowano, iż po każdym powrocie z rotacji do pozycji wyjściowej ustawienie głowy różniło się od położenia referencyjnego, ustalonego na początku badania przed wykonywaniem zadania. Zostało to określone mianem błędu, którego średnia wartość wynosiła 3,48 stopnia kątowego ±2,135.
EN
The aim of the study was to check evaluate if during the performance of the exercise from the starting position, the return would be into the same position. It has been observed that after every rotation to the starting position, a head’s position was different from the referential position which was set up at the beginning of each examination before the exercise was performed. It has been referred to as an error of average value of 3,48 of (2,135) angular degree ±2,135.
Celem pracy była próba wyznaczenia parametrów kinematycznych ruchów zachodzących w przestrzeni trójwymiarowej przy użycie prostych technik wideo. Wychodząc naprzeciw potrzebie rejestrowania i analizy złożonego aktu ruchowego opracowano systemy takie jak VICON, SMART BTS czy QUALISYS. Dzięki zastosowaniu więcej niż jednej kamery umożliwiają one badanie ruchu przestrzennego we wszystkich płaszczyznach z dużą dokładnością. W pracy zaproponowano algorytm pozwalający na wykorzystanie tylko jednej kamery wideo do wyznaczenia parametrów kinematycznych w innej płaszczyźnie niż płaszczyzna kamery, stosując dodatkowo informacje o parametrach antropometrycznych ciała człowieka. Praktyczne zastosowanie przetestowano dla badania kinematyki ruchu wyciskania sztangi na zawodnikach wysokiej klasy AWF Katowice.
EN
The goal of the paper is to try to point out the kinematical parameters of movements which take place in three - dimensional space by using simple video technique. To record and analyze the complicated body movement different systems such as VICON, Smart BTS or Qualisys have been worked out. With the use of more than one camera this programs enable us to study spatial movements in all plains with high precision. The Authors propose employing an algorithm which let us point out kinematical parameters in a plain other than the recording one, additionally using some information about anthropometric parameters of human body. The handiness of this method was tested during doing researches about kinematic of lifting. The people who participate in researches were high rang competitors from AWF Katowice.
Celem pracy było przedstawienie wpływu zadania kognitywnego w postaci dodawania i odejmowania liczb podczas realizowania chodu swobodnego z preferowaną prędkością u osób młodych na parametry kinematyczne lokomocji. Wykonano eksperyment, w którym zarejestrowano parametry kinematyczne chodu swobodnego oraz chodu z dodatkowym zadaniem (liczeniem). Sporządzono analizę statystyczną parametrów kinematycznych chodu w celu wyznaczenia istotnych zmian między lokomocją z prędkością preferowaną, a podczas wykonywania dodatkowego zadania.
EN
The aim of this study was to show an influence of cognitive task in form adding and subtraction during realization of free gait with preferred speed at young people. There has been done an experiment, in which kinematic parameters of gait with preferred speed and next with dual task (counting) were recorded. Statistic analysis of kinematic parameters showed significant changes between natural locomotion and during dual task.
The aim of work was to determine the level of strength-speed preparation of footballers at the beginning and at the end of preparatory period, on the base of vertical jump performance. Trials were recorded with piezoelectric force platform KISTLER 9182C. No significant differences in values of jump height as well as of average and maximal power were found. It could indicate lack of significant effect of exercises, applied in training of footballers with high sport level, on the level of force-velocity preparations.
The model of control of body sway movements in quiet standing proposed by Winter (1998) predicts the role of passive control resulting from stiffness of ankle joint muscles. The objective of the present study was to evaluate if exercises of muscle contract-stretch type performed in particular joints of lower extremities and lumbo-pelvic-hip region would result in change of postural stiffness and of the remaining characteristics of viscoelastic model in control of quiet standing. The study group consisted of 14 men. The subjects were performing stretching exercises affecting the muscles of ankle, knee and hip joints as well as lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Exercise sessions were preceded by 10-second stabilographic measurements in quiet standing with eyes closed. Out of all evaluated parameters only postural stiffness changed considerably and only after the stretching of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.
W pracy przedstawiono wykorzystanie języka programowania C++ wraz z dołączanymi do niego bibliotekami do tworzenia obiektów dwu i trójwymiarowych w przestrzeni wirtualnej. Na przykładzie programu "Symulacja komputerowa laparoskopowej operacji kardiochirurgicznej" przedstawiono jak wykorzystano funkcje wyższego rzędu. Sformułowano wnioski mające usprawnić proces tworzenia obiektów dla potrzeb wirtualnego świata w symulacjach komputerowych.
EN
In this work presented the utilization the programming language C ++ along with added to him libraries to creating objects two and three-dimensional in virtual space. For example program "The computer simulation of laparoscopic cardiosurgical operation" was showed how used the functions of higher-order. Having conclusions were formulated to improve the process of creating objects for needs of virtual world in computer simulations.
Celem pracy było stworzenie programu komputerowego do symulacji laparoskopowej operacji chirurgicznej serca człowieka. Program spełnia założone kryteria: budowa modułowa pozwalająca na dalszą ewolucję -aplikacji, poprawne odwzorowanie modelu serca, ruchy manipulatora zgodne z założoną kinematyką, możliwość parametryzacji własności geometrycznych wszystkich modeli, zapis i odczyt zmiennych konfigurujących system.
EN
The creation of computer program to simulation of laparoscopic surgical operation of heart man was the aim of work. Programme fulfils established criterions: module permissive on more far evolution of the application, correct imitation model of heart, the manipulator's peaceable movements with established kinematics, possibility of parameterized of geometrical properties all models, record and lecture of variables building configuring the system.
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