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Multi-decadal Assessment of Shoreline Changes Along the Ksar Esghir Coast, Morocco: Implications for Coastal Management

Zenati Ahlam Amara, Wahbi Miriam, Bouchkara Mohammed, El Khalidi Khalid, Maatouk Mustapha, Elmoumni Bouchta, El Bidaoui Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 2

230--242

Coastal zones, as highly dynamic and complex environments, have substantial ecological and territorial implications for both government authorities and coastal managers. This research study investigated the impacts of port construction on shoreline dynamics along the coastal region of Ksar Esghir, located on the northern coast of Morocco, over a 19-year period (2002–2021). This study aimed to characterize the evolution of the coastline using high-resolution satellite images in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Coastline evolution was assessed using GIS tools, particularly the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). Statistical approaches were used to determine the net rates of shoreline change, namely the end point rate (EPR) and net shoreline movement (NSM). Three main sectors were defined for the study area: The Eddallya sector, the western sector of Ksar Esghir and the port sector. As a result, two distinct zones have been identified in the Eddallya sector. Zone I shows an average accretion of +1.46 m/year, while zone II shows an erosion of -0.80 m/year. Analysis of the western sector of Oued Ksar Sghir revealed both erosion and accretion sites. Furthermore, the port sector showed positive values for shoreline evolution, with an average of +9.44 m and a rate of +0.49 m/year, signifying significant shoreline expansion over the study period. These findings highlight the dynamic and highly complex processes involved in coastal development in the study area. The results suggest that sediment dynamics, tidal regimes and potential anthropogenic influences have a significant impact on shoreline evolution, especially where port construction is concerned. The outcomes of this study provide helpful information for better and sustainable coastal management along the coastal area of Ksar Sghir.

Potential Energy Power from Tidal Current in Lagoon System – The Case of Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco

Bouchkara Mohammed, Siagian Hendry, Chahid Nouhaila Erraji, Joudar Imane, Hajjaj Charaf, Benazzouz Aïssa, Zourarah Bendahhou, El Khalidi Khalid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 4

116--127

The lagoon is a natural system protected from the sea by a dune barrier creating energy from the movement of rising and falling tides, thus providing a sustainable option for extracting energy from tidal currents. The energy that can be extracted is one of the most potential renewable energy sources. Therefore, the interaction of tidal currents with stratification layers has become important to optimize the efficiency of energy conversion at each depth layer in water masses. We have chosen as a case study, the Oualidia lagoon (Atlantic coast of Morocco). This ecosystem is characterized by hydrodynamics relatively favored by tides and tidal currents which are the main intra-lagoon currents, with a predominance of the semi-diurnal component M2 (period of 12 h 25) with 2.1 to 3.4 m of tidal range. The Multicell Argonaut-XR ADCP is used to measure the current velocity in the Oualidia lagoon at three different stations to study tidal patterns in a vertical layer of water depth. At each station, current velocities were recorded in each 0.5 m layer over a depth of about 5 m. As a result, this study showed that current velocity measurements to be used as renewable energy are found at station 1 located at a depth of 3.5 meters (~layer 5) with a current velocity of 0.771 m/s and a power density value of 235.344 W/m2, station 2 located at a depth of 3.5 meters (~layer 5) with a current velocity of 0.4 m/s and a power density value of 32.86 W/m2 and station 3 is located at a depth of 3 meters (~layer 6) with a current velocity of 0.527 m/s and a power density value of 75.157 W/m2. The variation in current velocities between the different stations is mainly influenced by tides (Flood/ebb), the period of the measurements and the location of the stations. This work presents a model for extracting electrical energy through the use of tidal and current flow variations in such semi-enclosed natural system including lagoons.