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Indices of Soil and Plant Cover Pollution Due to Re-Introduction of Sediment Water Under the Energy Willow on Aluvisol of Ukraine

Lopushniak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Jakubowski Tomasz, Voloshyn Yurii, Karavanovych Krystyna, Kachala Taras

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

201--211

EN

Municipal sewage sludge is considered as an important resource for replenishing organic carbon and mineral nutrition elements in the soil. However, its widespread use in the agricultural sector is associated with the risks of soil contamination by pollutants, in particular heavy metals, and their inclusion in trophic food chains. A relatively ecologically safe way to dispose of sewage sludge is to apply it to energy crops.In order to study the influence of sewage sludge application on the ecological condition of podzolic soil and the level of heavy metal contamination of plant cover, research was carried out in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine on a willow plantation of the second cycle of energy use and repeated application of fresh sewage sludge and its composts with coniferous sawdust and grain straw cultures in different doses.Research has established that under the influence of the application of sewage sludge, the indicators of the content of heavy metals in the roots and above-ground shoots of energy willow significantly changed. The highest doses of sewage sludge of 60–80 t/ha led to a significant increase in the content of As, Mo, and Pb compared to other research options. The content of Fe, Zn, Sr, Y in these options was at the level of the option where compost was applied (sewage sludge + straw (3:1) + cement dust 10%) – 40 t/ha. Also, the use of cement dust in this version led to the highest Nb content. Ni, Cu.An increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil led to an increase in the translocation of heavy metals in energy willow plants. Application of the highest dose of sewage sludge in the experiment –80 t/ha (option 5) caused the highest translocation coefficients of Fe, Nb, Rb, Y, Mo. And the highest values of Sr, As, Pb translocation coefficients were noted in option 10, where compost was applied (sewage sludge + straw (3:1) + cement dust 10%) ‒ 40 t/ha, which indicates a significant influx of cement dust into the accumulation of these dangerous metals in plants. The highest value of the Integral index of energy willow plant pollution ‒ 222 was recorded in the variant where fresh sewage sludge was applied at the rate of 80 t/ha, which was 17‒20 points higher than the values of the closest variants of the experiment.

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Α Dynamics of Macro Elements Content in Eutric Podzoluvisols for Separation of Wastewater under Jerusalem Artichokes

Lopushniak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Gamayunova Valentina, Kozan Natalia, Zakharchenko Elina, Voloshin Yurii, Lopushniak Halyna, Polutrenko Miroslava, Kotsyubynska Yulia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

33--42

EN

The application of fertilizers based on sewage sludge significantly affects the formation of the nitrogen fund of sod-podzolic soil, as well as changes in the content of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium exchange. The application of such fertilizer under Jerusalem artichoke has a positive effect on the nitrogen content of alkaline hydrolyzed compounds, in particular on increasing the content of mineral and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen fractions. The application of sewage sludge at a dose of 20–40 t/ha and the appropriate compensatory dose of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N90P90K90 helps to increase the content of ammonium nitrogen compounds from 16 to 20–22 mg/kg of soil in the upper (0–20 cm) layer – 28% prevails over the control variant, as well as the content of nitrate nitrogen compounds in the layer 0–40 cm from 1.70 to 2.52–2.64 mg/kg of soil. The ratio of the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen compounds to the nitrogen content of mineral compounds in the experimental conditions changes insignificantly, which indirectly indicates a relatively stable value of this indicator, which changes little under the influence of fertilizers. The application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer significantly affects the change in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds and potassium exchange compounds in the upper (0–40 cm) layer of the soil. However, from a depth of 60 cm, their content decreases sharply and approaches the initial values of the control version. Depending on the application of fertilizers, the indicators of the coefficient of concentration of macronutrients in the soil change significantly, which reflects the ratio of the content of the element in the soil to its content in the control variant. As the rate of sewage sludge increases, the element concentration coefficient increases from 1.27 in the variant with the application of only mineral fertilizers to 2.36 for potassium and for phosphorus – from 1.02 to 1.31. There is a close correlation between the content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil and the coefficients of their concentration. This relationship reflects the multiple coefficient of determination, which for phosphorus and potassium is R2 = 0.69 and R2 = 0.90, respectively. The use of fertilizers in the form of compost with sewage sludge and straw of cereals causes similar trends as the introduction of uncomposted sewage sludge. However, this effect has less radical impact with lower absolute nutrient content compared to the introduction of fresh sewage sludge. The application of sewage sludge in the form of compost and uncomposted form contributes to a significant increase in the content of macronutrients in the soil, providing an improvement in the mineral nutrition of cultivated plants, including Jerusalem artichokes.

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Model of Biomass Productivity under the Influence of Change in the Phytotoxicity of Podzol Soil Due to Reintroduction of Sewage Sludge under Energy Willow

Lopushniak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Polutrenko Myroslava, Lopushniak Halyna, Voloshyn Yurii, Kotsyubynska Yulia, Baran Bagdana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

217--226

EN

Utilization of sewage sludge during phytoremediation of territories and its introduction as fertilizer for energy crops requires testing for phytotoxicity of the soil cover, which will allow determining an ecologically safe dose of its use and minimizing the negative impact on agroecosystems. It will also contribute to the formation of optimal productivity of agrophytocenoses as well as optimize the nutrition conditions for intensive growth and development of cultivated plants. The research conducted an analysis of the impact of the increase in phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil from the introduction of fresh sewage sludge and its composts with various organic materials (sawdust of coniferous trees, straw of grain crops) on the formation of biomass productivity of energy willow during a repeated cycle of cultivation. Regression and correlation analyses were used to build a mathematical model of biomass productivity under the influence of changes in the phytotoxicity of podzol soil due to repeated introduction of sewage sludge under the energy willow. The obtained regression dependences show that the formation of phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil is most affected by the increase in the content of Pb and Cd. However, the introduction of the norm of fresh SS within 80 t/ha did not lead to an increase in the content of these heavy metals above the maximum allowable concentrations, although it contributed to an increase in phytotoxicity to an above average level. The maximum predicted productivity, depending on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil, is about 60 t/ha at a content of Cd = 0.25; Ni = 1.1 Pb = 4.6 mg/kg soil. As the phytotoxicity of the soil increases to an above-average level (phytotoxic effect 40–46%), the intensity of biomass accumulation of energy willow slows down somewhat. In general, after a repeated cycle of using the plantation during the 4-year growing season of energy willow in all options where fertilizers were applied, the productivity of wood biomass increased significantly compared to the control option by 7.7–17.4 t/ha and with the smallest significant difference between the indicators of the research options 4.23 t/ha.

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Biological Absorption of Chemical Elements in Topinambur Plants by Separation of Wastewater in Podzol Soil

Lopushnyak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Kozova Iryna, Jakubowski Tomasz, Kotsyubynska Yulia, Polutrenko Miroslava, Kozan Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

18--24

EN

The application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer in podzols soil ambiguously affects the peculiarities of the accumulation of certain chemical elements in various organs of the Jerusalem artichoke plants. Experimental factors in the study were different doses of sewage sludge from sludge maps of wastewater treatment plants and its compost with cereal straw, included together with the compensatory dose of mineral fertilizers to the norm N90P90K90 in the Jerusalem artichoke plantation. Determination of the content of chemical elements in soil and plants was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis. According to the results of research, it was established that the change of mineral nutrition conditions of Jerusalem artichoke causes significant changes in the chemical composition of its tubers and vegetative mass. Studies have shown a clear positive effect of increasing doses of SS on increasing the content in tubers: K – to 7.9%, Ca – to 1.9, Fe – to 1.9, in green mass: O – to 31.8%, K – to 31.6, Ca – to 24.9, Mg – to 5.9, Mn – to 0.7, Fe – to 0.4 and K – to 34.5%. The coefficients of biological absorption for most chemical elements are more than 1, but for O, Al, Si, Fe, these figures were less than 1. Regression models of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in the vegetative mass of Jerusalem artichoke indicate a high and moderate dependence of these indicators on their content in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and soil.

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Productivity Model of Herbal Bioenergy Cultures Depending on Biometric Indicators of Overhead Mass

Lopushniak Vasyl, Тоnkha Оxana, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Lopushniak Halyna, Polutrenko Miroslava, Poberezhna Lyuba, Gamayunova Valentina, Pikovska Olena, Jakubowski Tomasz, Kotsyubynska Yulia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

162--172

EN

The research was carried out on the territory of c. Tsenzhiv of Yamnytsya territorial community of Ivano-Frankivsk region on sod-podzolic degraded soils according to the generally accepted research methods. The productivity of miscanthus and switchgrass depends on the biometric indicators of plants, namely the height of plants and the number of stems. Correct models of miscanthus and switchgrass productivity are calculated depending on the dose of sewage sludge. For miscanthus, the correlation coefficient r = 0.952 and for switchgrass r = 0.951, which indicates a high linear relationship between plant height, number of stems and productivity. The dry matter yield in grass energy crops varies according to fertilizer application. The productivity of the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is much higher than that of switchgrass. With the addition of sewage sludge at a dose of 40 t/ha, the dry matter yield under the same growing conditions in the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is 12.2 t/ha, or 3.3 t/ha higher than the productivity of agrophytocenosis switchgrass. The use of composts based on SS + straw (3: 1)) – 30 t/ha + N30K55, has a significant impact on yield, providing the highest productivity of miscanthus – 13.0 t/ha, and switchgrass – 9.6 t/ha. In order to obtain stable biomass productivity of grass energy crops (miscanthus and switchgrass), it is advisable to use compost of sewage sludge and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at a dose of 30 t/ha. Thus, two important problems are partially solved, namely increasing the productivity of energy crops and utilizing municipal waste (sewage sludge).

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Influence of hydrate formation and concentration of salts on the corrosion of steel 20 pipelines

Poberezhny Lubomyr, Chudyk Ihor, Hrytsanchuk Andrii, Mandryk Oleg, Kalyn Tetyana, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Yakymechko Yaroslav

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2020

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nr 3 (28)

141--147

EN

One of the ways to increase natural gas production is to conserve and/or intensify existing wells with their subsequent development. They are characterized by a high content of highly mineralized water, which leads to an increased risk of hydrate formation and internal corrosion. The issue of the formation of gas hydrates in industrial pipelines, which is a major problem for the exploitation of industrial gas pipelines, requires considerable attention to be made to exclude emergency situations. The main task of the study – to determine the effect of hydrates on the corrosion of the pipeline in order to prevent emergencies. A technique for studying the effect of hydration on the corrosion of pipelines has been developed. The combined analysis of the corrosion behavior of pipe material in aggressive media of chloride type was done. According to the results of corrosion-mechanical tests, regularities of joint action of mechanical stresses, concentration of chlorides and hydrate formation on the speed and localization of corrosion processes are established.