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Organic geochemistry of Upper Carboniferous bituminous coals and clastic sediments from the Lublin Coal Basin (Poland)

Karger M., Gazda L., Grafka O.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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Vol. 63, no. 3

425--442

EN

Bituminous coals and clastic rocks from the Lublin Formation (Pennsylvanian, Westphalian B) were subjected to detailed biomarker and Rock-Eval analyses. The investigation of aliphatic and aromatic fractions and Rock-Eval Tmax suggests that the Carboniferous deposits attained relatively low levels of thermal maturity, at the end of the microbial processes/initial phase of the oil window. Somewhat higher values of maturity in the clastic sediments were caused by postdiagenetic biodegradation of organic matter. The dominance of the odd carbon-numbered n-alkanes in the range n-C25 to n-C31 , high concentrations of moretanes and a predominance of C28 and C29 steranes are indicative of a terrigenous origin of the organic matter in the study material. This is supported by the presence of eudesmane, bisabolane, dihydro-ar-curcumene and cadalene, found mainly in the coal samples. In addition, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes, e. g. 16β(H)-kaurane, 16β(H)-phyllocladane, 16α(H)-kaurane and norisopimarane, were identified, suggesting an admixture of conifer ancestors among the deposited higher plants. Parameters Pr/n-C17and Rdit in the coal samples show deposition of organic matter from peat swamp environments, with the water levels varying from high (water-logged swamp) to very low (ephemeral swamp). Clastic deposits were accumulated in a flood plain environment with local small ponds/lakes. In pond/lake sediments, apart from the dominant terrigenous organic matter, research also revealed a certain quantity of algal matter, indicated, i.a., by the presence of tricyclic triterpanes C28 and C29 and elevated concentrations of steranes. The Paq parameter can prove to be a useful tool in the identification of organic matter, but the processes of organic matter biodegradation observed in clastic rocks most likely influence the value of the parameter, at the same time lowering the interpretation potential of these compounds. The value of Pr/Ph varies from 0.93 to 5.24 and from 3.49 to 22.57 in the clastic sediments and coals respectively. The microbial degradation of organic matter in both type of rocks and during early stages of diagenesis is confirmed by a high concentration of hopanes, the presence of drimane homologues, bicyclic alkanes and benzohopanes. Moreover, bacteria could also have been connected with the primary input of organic matter, which is shown by the presence of e.g. C30 neohop-13(18)-ene.

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Dystrybucja biomarkerów i dojrzałość termiczna materii organicznej w tonsteinie i węglu kamiennym z pokładu 385/2 z kopalni Bogdanka (Lubelskie Zagłębie Węglowe)

Gola M. R., Karger M., Gazda L.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 12

777-784

EN

The paper presents results of geochemical analyses of organic matter (OM) in a tonstein bed and surrounding bituminous coal from the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian B) coal seam no. 385/2 from the Bogdanka mine, Lublin Coal Basin. In all studied samples, including those of tonstein and bituminous coal, OM was found to be very similar in composition. Distribution of hydrocarbons in investigated rocks is characterized by strong predominance with odd-number carbon-atom of the long-chain n-alkanes in comparison to the even-number and high concentration of C29 steranes, what implies relatively high input of higher-plant OM in these samples. Minor concentration of C28 steranes and perylene points at presence of fungi. In all extracts, the tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes co-occur with their aromatized derivatives, what suggests presence of the tap resin species - precursors of the conifer families in the plant community. The abundance of sesquiterpanes, pentacyclic triterpanes and benzohopanes indicates a significant bacterial input, most possibly connected with bacterial activity after deposition of terrestrial OM. The original material of tonstein was pyroclastic in orgin, and deposited directly on plants living at the surface of a mire. That material hadn’t had any direct influence on chemicalOMtransformation. The biomarker data, both for coals and tonstein, reveals that sedimentary organic matter was heated up to a temperature corresponding to the level of immature/start of oil window. On the other hand, the increase in thermal maturity value, based on distribution of the aromatic hydrocarbons in organic matter in tonstein (theoretical vitrinite values - Rc, Rcs) are probably due to the presence of incompletely burned organic remains (charcoals), transported to the sedimentary basin along with volcanic ashes.

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Złoże Werblinia - przykład wielogenetycznego złoża i kopaliny ilastej

Karger M., Wyrwicki R.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2004

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R. 46, nr 3/4

74-79

PL

W okolicy Werblini (rys.l) udokumentowano w obrębie jednej kry dwa złoża eoceńskich mułków i występujących na nich czwartorzędowych regolitów (rys. 2). Skład granulometryczny średnio 2 m grubych regolitów jest bardzo podobny do składu mułków (tab. 1 i 3), natomiast skład chemiczny (tab. 2) - różny. W obu kopalinach głównym składnikiem jest detrytyczny kwarc. Różnią się składem pozostałych składników. Regolity zawierają głównie smektyt i kaolinit (rys.3), goethyt (do2%) i jarosyt (rys. 4) Mułki zawierają głównie chloryty i illit (rys. 5), 1 - 2% substancji organicznej (czarna barwa) i do 2% pirytu. Obie kopaliny różnią się też właściwościami ceramicznymi (rys. 7 i 8; tab. 5). Regolity różnią się od gliny zwałowej (za jaką były uważane) zarówno składem granulometrycznym (tab.4) jak i mineralnym (rys. 6). Eoceńskie mułki są pochodzenia morskiego, regolity - wietrzeniowego - w holocenie a złoża zostały uformowane siłami glacigenicznymi w czwartorzędzie - w plejstocenie.

EN

In the vicinity of Werblina (Drawing 1) two deposits of Eocene clay deposits and overlaying Quaternary regoliths (Drawing 2) were documented within one floe. Grain size analysis, of on average 2m thick regoliths, is very similar to those of clays (Tab. 1 and 3), while its chemical composition (Tab. 2) is different. In both rock types detritial quarts is a main component. However, the other components differ. Regoliths contain mostly steatite and kaolinite (Draw. 3), geothite (up to 2%), and jarosite (Draw. 4). Clays are composed of chlorites and Mites (Draw. 5), 1-2% of organic matter (black in color), and up to 2% of pirite. Both rocks differ also in its ceramic properties (Draw. 7 and 8). Rhegolites differ from boulder clay (however they were formerly treated as it) both in its grain size analyses (Tab. 4) as well as in its mineral compositions (Draw. 6). Eocene clays originated in sea, while rhegolites are Holocene-weathering products. However, glacier forces in Pleistocene formed both deposits.

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Milleryt w sferosyderytach z kopalni węgla kamiennego "Bogdanka" (Lubelskie Zagłębie Węglowe)

Gazda L., Karger M., Bieleć D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 10

907-910

PL

Kopalnia "Bogdanka" eksploatuje pokłady węgli kamiennych zalegające w obrębie mułowcowo-iłowcowych warstwach lubelskich (westfal B). W szarych iłowcach o charakterze gleby stigmariowej mogą występować sferosyderyty o zróżnicowanych rozmiarach. W wyniku prac górniczych w spagu jednego z pokładów węgli, rozpoznano duże (od kilkudziesięciu cm do 1 m) elipsoidalne sferosyderyty. Septariowe spękania w ich wnętrzach wypełniają grubokrystaliczne węglany (kalcyt) i/lub pylaste minerały ilaste (dickit). Towarzyszy im polimineralne okruszcowanie pirytem, galeną i millerytem. Milleryt tworzy igielkowate lub cienkowlókniste agregaty, w których długość poszczególnych ziarn nie przekracza 1 cm. Jest to pierwszy przypadek stwierdzenia mineralizacji niklowej w utworach karbonu lubelskiego.

EN

In mine "Bogdanka" are exploited Carboniferous black coals which occur within mudstone-claystone deposits Lublin Beds (Westphalian B). In grey claystones of nature of stigmarie may occur sphaerosiderites of different size. During underground working in floor of one of coal banks big (size from tens cm to I m) ellipsic sphaerosiderites were found. Septarian fissures inside sphaerosiderites are filled by coarse-crystalline carbonates (calcite) and/or dusty clay minerals (dickite). They are associated by them polymineral metallization with pyrite, galenite and millerite. Millerite forms needle or fine-jibrous aggregates in which particular grains are < I cm. Millerite occurring in sphaerosiderites is the first record of nickel miner allization in the Lublin Carboniferous deposits.