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Ammonia carbon adsorption cycle research at the University of Warwick

Rivero-Pacho A. M., Critoph R. E., Metcalf S. J., Pal M.

Polska Energetyka Słoneczna

2015

nr 1-4

47--54

Active carbon-ammonia cycles have been developed from the 1980’s in the USA and are still a major research interest at the University of Warwick, where systems have been built for car air conditioning, solar refrigeration and gas-fired heat pumps. The basic cycles are introduced and a brief description of the historical development is presented. The paper then presents work to date on domestic gas fired heat pumps with preliminary results from the latest system under test, and describes plans and the prospects for future products. The possibility of using carbon-ammonia in thermal transformers for industrial use is modelled theoretically and the prospects discussed and compared with using ammonia and chemical salts.

Solar thermal cooling technologies

Critoph R. E.

Polska Energetyka Słoneczna

2009

nr 1-4

14-19

The demand for cooling, whether for comfort or food preservation is a major consumer of energy across the world and is growing. The use of solar energy to meet that demand has a natural synergy, but the technical and economic challenges are large. Some of the different available technologies are compared and contrasted, including absorption, adsorption, desiccant wheels etc. and the state of the art as reviewed in the TEA Solar Heating and Cooling Task 38 is outlined. Adsorption cooling, the technology under development at Warwick, is explained in more detail and progress is charted with reference to different projects: one on car air conditioning and a new one to develop a 5m3 solar thermal cold store.

Carbon-ammonia adsorption technology for heating and cooling in buildings

Critoph R. E.

Polska Energetyka Słoneczna

2006

nr 1-2

31-37

Sorption heat pumps and chillers are a relatively new way of providing efficient heating and cooling from heat sources such as solar energy, biomass, waste heat or conventional fuels. Included within the ´sorption´ description are conventional Li-Br systems for air conditioning, ammonia diffusion absorption machines, silica gel water adsorption chillers now being made in Japan and a number of solid adsorption concepts being developed in the EU. The principles are described, together with the choices of working pair and thermodynamic cycle. There is no one `best`solution for all applications within buildings. The principle applications are: trigeneration systems in which exhaust heat of an engine may be used to provide air conditioning, air conditioning system driven by burning fossil fuels or by solar thermal energy, gas-fired heat pumps for domestic applications. Examples of a number of different solar powered air conditioning systems and trigeneration systems are given. At present, solar powered air conditioning using closed cycles cannot be considered economic, due to the high cost, but it is technically feasible and many examples exist. Trigeneration presents many more commercial opportunities. Gas-fired heat pumps have the greatest potential, both in market and carbon dioxide emission reductions, but are the least developed technology. The research at Warwick focuses on carbon-ammonia adsorption cycles for trigeneration and for gas fired heat pumps /chillers. The key challenge is to improve internal heat transfer in order to both reduce the capital and running costs. The latest developments are in two areas; the use of arrays of low-cost modules and new designs of plate heat exchanger. The construction, expenses, and likely applications of the different systems and their performance is presented. As with all energy conservation technologies, there is a trade-off between capital costs and savings and the balance is discussed.