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Production and Characterization of Rice Husk Biochar and Kenaf Biochar for Value-Added Biochar Replacement for Potential Materials Adsorption

Saeed Anwar Ameen Hezam, Harun Noorfidza Yub, Sufian Suriati, Afolabi Haruna Kolawole, Al-Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein, Roslan Farah Amelia Shahirah, Rahim Syahirah Abdul, Ghaleb A. A. S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2021

Vol. 22, iss. 1

1--8

Two raw biomass materials from different sources were investigated: aluminosilicate obtained from rice husk and agricultural lignocellulosic waste from kenaf fiber. The properties of the optimal mixing ratio of biochar were investigated by using proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area and pore volume determination, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. According to the proximate analysis, the ash content is increasing while the moisture content fixed carbon and volatile matter decrease. On the basis of the BET characterization finding, the surface area is increased proportionally to the increasing mixing ratio RHB: KFB (0.8:0.2, 0.5:0.5, 0.2:0.8). The SEM images showed that both biochars are suitable sources of blending because of the differences and the availability of good adsorbents. This study indicated that RHB and KFB as pure biochar have a great potential to be applied as adsorbents. However, blending is not giving the desired result to be used as an adsorbent.

Productivity Enhancement of a Double Slope Solar Still Coupled with a Solar System

Al-Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein, Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed S., Mustaffa Zahiraniza, Amran Y.H. Mugahed, Yusof Khamaruzaman W., Ahsan Amimul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 4

255--263

Water shortage is rising to become a global challenge due to the variations in climate change and population increment. Converting the seawater to potable water using the desalination technology is among the existing options highlighted by researchers. However, these processes are expensive and require much energy to operate. The solar desalination technology was reported as highly adequate since it utilizes the natural sunlight and the simple concepts of evaporation and condensation to produce the drinking water. The main challenge to date is the low productivity of the technology, which must be adequately improved in order to enhance productivity and optimize performance. In this study, the productivity and efficiency of conventional double slope solar still were assessed using a solar system. Two solar still models (active and passive) were fabricated with the same evaporation and condensation areas. The troughs were made of stainless steel with dimensions of 50×32 ×5 cm. In turn, while the cover was made of glass with dimensions of 48×60×0.3 cm and the inclination angle was 60°. In addition, the solar system consisted of two solar panels with 50 W capacity each, one battery of 100 Ah – 12 V, a charging controller of 30 A, and a single immersed DC water heater of 50 W – 12 V capacity. Both models were tested simultaneously for two sunny days, 24 hours each. The results showed that the water productivity of the active solar still was 55% higher than that of the passive solar still. On 15th July, the total amounts of solar still productivity were 7.85 L/m2/d and 19.3 L/m2/d for active and passive stills, respectively. This is due to the existence of the heating element in the active still which allowed it to produce water for 24 hours continuously. Moreover, the trough temperature was found to be the highest for both models, because it was made from steel. Finally, the produced water in both cases was found to be directly proportional to such parameters as solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature.

Yield Efficiency Evaluation of Double Slope Solar Stills Connected with External Spiral Copper for Potable Water Production

Al-Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein, Ahsan Amimul, Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed Sa'id, Mustaffa Zahiraniza, Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan, Takaijudin Husna, Malek Marlinda Abdul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 7

176--186

Among the key challenges of the 21st century, one can enumerate finding efficient technologies to enhance water purification. Seawater desalination had been identified as one of the main alternative solutions to increase the water resources on our planet and fulfill human demands. In this study, the yield performance of double slope solar still connected with the external spiral copper pipe as the water heater was investigated. Active and passive solar stills of equal evaporation area with covers (4 mm thickness and 45° slope in both sides) were manufactured using Perspex. Different parameters were investigated and compared during the experiment including yield and water quality indicators from both stills. The results showed a strong relationship between the water production rates and solar radiation intensities, water temperature as well as ambient temperature. Additionally, the water productivity from the active still was 20% higher compared to the passive one. Overall, the water quality parameters were within the acceptable limits, the rate of distillate water production was found to increase along with solar radiation intensity and water temperature.