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1

Potential of cultural ecosystem services in postglacial landscape from the beneficiaries’ perspective

Kowalska A., Affek A., Solon J., Degórski M., Grabińska B., Kołaczkowska E., Kruczkowska B., Regulska E., Roo-Zielińska E., Wolski J., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2017

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nr 1

236--245

EN

The paper presents the results of a questionnaire carried out among landscape users in Suwałki and Augustów Region concerning the perception of goods of nature. Respondents were asked to assign services to 7 ecosystem types (deciduous forest, coniferous forest, swamp forest, grasslands, croplands, wetlands, water bodies) and rank them in order of importance. Our intention was to show the potential/capacity of each ecosystem type to deliver four cultural ecosystem services: sport and recreation, inspiration for creative work, education and science and spiritual experience in the view of local community and tourists.

2

Potential of provisioning and regulating ecosystem services in postglacial landscape

Roo-Zielińska E., Affek A., Kowalska A., Grabińska B., Kruczkowska B., Wolski J., Solon J., Degórski M., Kołaczkowska E., Regulska E., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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nr 4

274--291

EN

The general objective of the study was to present different methods for identification and assessment of ecosystem services provided by various ecosystems in postglacial landscape. Our study focused on ecosystem-oriented approach in which the potential of ecosystems to deliver goods and services was analyzed. Other approaches, e.g. society-oriented (dealing with goods and services demands) or process-oriented (focused on uptake of goods and services) were applied only additionally.

PL

W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad przestrzennym zróżnicowaniem potencjału ekosystemów do dostarczania wybranych usług zaopatrzeniowych i regulacyjnych. Każde z wybranych do prezentacji świadczeń (cztery usługi zaopatrzeniowe – plony zbóż, miód, biomasa zwierząt kopytnych, zapas drewna na pniu; jedna usługa regulacyjna –sekwestracja węgla w glebie) jest przykładem innego podejścia do definiowania i obliczania wskaźników określających potencjał do świadczenia usług. Wyniki zróżnicowania przestrzennego potencjałów przedstawiono na mapach, obejmujących trzy gminy z Polski północno-wschodniej.

3

Ecosystem services in postglacial landscape – basic assumptions and research methodology

Degórski M., Roo-Zielińska E., Grabińska B., Kowalska A., Solon J., Affek A., Kruczkowska B., Wolski J., Kołaczkowska E., Regulska E., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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nr 4

22--32

PL

Nonetheless, to date, there has been rather a small number of scientific papers which verified in a comprehensive manner the methodological assumptions of the ES concept as a conglomerate of material and non-material benefits derived by human from natural environment and cultural heritage. Such scientific approach to ES concept has been adopted and implemented in the project “Ecosystem services in young glacial landscape – assessment of resources, threats and use” supported by National Science Centre (2012/07/ B/ST10/04344), carried out in Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences since 2012. This article presents the project objectives, assumptions and research methodology.

4

Ecosystem services as a factor strengthening regional development trajectory

Degórski M., Solon J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2014

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nr 4

48--57

EN

In regional development, the natural environment is increasingly being perceived as a factor capable of generating development trajectories. These trajectories may locally become dense, forming so-called attractors occupying a region referred to as the basin of attraction, which determines, among others, the viscosity of the region. The present article sets out to address several basic questions regarding the essence of the applicative dimension of ecosystem and landscape services in the local scale.

PL

Koncepcja świadczeń ekosystemowych i krajobrazowych jest obecnie szeroko dyskutowana w literaturze i ciągle pojawiają się mniej lub bardziej udane próby uwzględnienia koncepcji w działaniach praktycznych. Niestety wokół tego podejścia badawczego narosło wiele niejasności i nieporozumień, czego efektem jest między innymi nieporównywalność proponowanych rozwiązań i raczej tylko postulatywny charakter planowania rozwoju regionów oparty na świadczeniach ekosystemowych. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na kilka podstawowych pytań dotyczących istoty świadczeń ekosystemów w kontekście aplikacyjnym.

5

Development of the ecosystem services approach in Poland

Mizgajski A., Bernaciak A., Kronenberg J., Roo-Zielińska E., Solon J., Śleszyński J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2014

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nr 4

10--34

PL

W tekście przedstawiono zarys stanu badań nad świadczeniami ekosystemów w Polsce, który zrelacjonowano opierając się na materiałach Sympozjum ECOSERV2014. Na tle zaawansowania prac w instytucjach Unii Europejskiej zestawiono wyniki najnowszych badań w Polsce. Oprócz zagadnień teoretycznych, w tym metod oceny i wyceny, uwzględniono przydatność tego podejścia w zarządzaniu środowiskiem. W sposób szczególny wyodrębniono korzyści oferowane przez ekosystemy terenów zurbanizowanych i ekosystemy terenów wiejskich. Rozpatrując tę problematykę w świetle percepcji przez człowieka, pokazano wyniki badań nad kulturowymi świadczeniami ekosystemów. Przedstawiono ogólną ocenę badań w tej dziedzinie w Polsce i rekomendacje.

6

Landscape scale of topography-soil-vegetation relationship : influence of land use and land form

Solon J., Roo-Zielińska E., Degórski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 1

3-17

EN

This article presents the effects exerted by the differences in land use on the relationships between soil and vegetation along a topographical gradient (catena). In the study 35 plots (20 m2, with 2 m up and 10 m across the slope) from two transects (forest - 2600 m and field - 1400 m, (with the lowest plot at 209.6 m a.s.l., and the highest at 253.5 m a.s.l. the lowest at 199.7 m a.s.l. and the highest at 230 m a.s.l, respectively) were selected and classified into three groups (depletion, transition, accumulation), depending upon the processes of erosion or accumulation. The analysed variables were following: topographical characteristics, soil parameters, number of vascular plant species, and geobotanical indicators as soil moisture (Fwm), soil acidity (Rwm), nitrogen content in the soil (Nwm) according to Ellenberg (Ellenberg et al. 1991), soil humus and organic matter (Hwm) and soil dispersion and aeration (Dwm) according to Zarzycki (Zarzycki et al. 2002). The analyses showed that relationships between hypsometry, soil characteristics and geobotanical indicators were different, depending on land use (forest versus field). Regression models, which were similar for both transects, concern the following pair of variables: soil pH - slope; soil conductivity - elevation; soil moisture - elevation; soil carbon content - elevation; Rwm index . elevation; species number - soil carbon content. The following significant relationships were specific only for the forest transect: C:N ratio - slope and curvature, species number - soil nitrogen content; Rwm index - soil pH. For the field transect the relations between the geobotanical indicators and the properties of the soil are specific like for the pairs: Fwm index - soil moisture, Rwm index - soil moisture and nitrogen content, Hwm index - C:N ratio, Dwm index - nitrogen content. In general, the modifying influence of land use on the values of soil and vegetation parameters is weakly distinguished in the upper parts of both transects, and the most significant on the slopes, within the transition zone. The results of our studies should be useful in modelling of hydrological and geo-chemical relations, especially with respect to small catchment areas, in determination of carbon reserves, as well as in planning of sustainable landscape.

7

Scots pine forests of the Vaccino-Piceetea class in Europe : forest sites studied

Solon J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 4

421-439

EN

The paper presents: a) the general differentiation of the pine forests of Europe, and b) the floristic differentiation of the study sites, located along the transect stretching between 50 stopni 28 minut and 70 stopni 09 minut N, as well as c) the relations between the geographical location and the climatic characteristics on the hand, and the selected features of the richness and species diversity of the herb layer on the other. One can observe a dependence (p<0.05) between the temperature and latitude on the one hand, and the number of species from some groups on the other. For the vascular plants, the indicators of linear correlation amount to, respectively, 0.64 and -0.63 (the number of the vascular species of the herb layerr increases with the warming of climate and the movement towards the South), and for the numbers of lichen species: -0.81 and 0.78 (the dependencies have the opposite directions to the previous ones). The variability of the relative shares of the particular species groups is correlated with geographical location and climatic variables. Three basic patterns of spatial variability can in this context be identified. The first of these is represented by the share of the lignified chamaephytes (dwarfshrubs). In accordance with this pattern, the minimum shares are observed at the latitudes of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The second pattern of variability is represented by the shares of hemicryptophytes. In accordance with this pattern the maximum shares are observed between 53 stopnie and 56 stopni N. The third pattern of variability is represented, in particular, by the share of the evergreen species which is proporrtional to the latitude.

8

Ground vegetation carbon and its relation to climate and species richness

Solon J., Roo-Zielińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 4

513-527

EN

Ten pine forest sites located along the transect between 50 stopni 28 minut and 70 stopni 09 minut N were studied. The purposes of the present paper are: 1) to determine the volume of the organic carbon pool in selected layers of the analysed forest ecosystems (shrubs, herb layer, mosses and lichens, litter, and the humus horizon of the soil); and 2) to elaborate the correlation-based prediction models relating the organic carbon pools in these layers with the selected variables characterising the climate and the species richness of the pine forests. The results indicate a clear horizontal heterogeneity of the ground layer in the pine forests considered. This is reflected, in particular, through the differentiation of the carbon pool in particular places within the ecosystem. Thereis a distict geographical variability in the carbon pool among the sites in particular layers, with the average annual and January temperatures having the largest influence on this variability. However, in different cases there are different combinations of the factors describing these relations in the best way. The relations between the carbon pool and the species richness of the sites along the transect show that either the minimal carbon pool occurs at sites of an average species richness, or there is no relation between these variables. The analysis implies that there are two points of the transect at which various characteristics of the system undergo an abrupt shift. The first of them is equivalent to the passage of the annual +1 stopień C isotherm, while the second at approximately 5-6 stopni C. There is the possibility that these regularities occur within the entire range of the pine forests.

9

Changes in herb layer heterogeneity of Scots pine forests along the North-South transect

Solon J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 4

481-492

EN

The purposes of the present paper are: a) to show the synusial structure of the herb layer of ten sites, located in Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, along the transect stretching between 50 stopni 28 minut and 70 stopni 09 minut N, and b) to characterise the species-area curves for all the sites studied. The number of types of synusiae on the particular sites ranges from three to ten, though only one or two have the dominating character, that is, occupy at least 20% of surface. From the point of view of synusial differentiation three geographical groups of sites could be established: the most distinctly different are the northern sites. The second subset of sites, though featuring relatively weak internal mutual similarities, encompasses the sites located in the middle part of the transect. The third subset of sites, represents a more southern character. For each of the sites separately the dependence between the number of vascular species of the herb layer and the area of the site considered (the species-area relationship) is described by the formula y=ax^b. Correlation coefficients between the model and the actual number of species are very high, from 0.902 to 0.998.