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Evaluation of different designs of virtual patients: first results using the eVIP evaluation instruments

Oberle S., Huber S., Nawrotzki R., Harter C., Schönit E., Schäfer N., Tönshoff B., Huwendiek S.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2010

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Vol. 6, no. 11

15--19

EN

Introduction: Application of electronic virtual patients (VPs) is not only restricted to the clinical part of medical education. VPs can be used in preclinical years as well as in advanced trainings for physicians. The presented study overviews and compares different designs of VPs in different educational scenarios and summarizes their evaluations. Methods: Due to the needs of each scenario the design of VPs got adjusted. The range of preclinical and clinical subjects comprised anatomy, biochemistry, child and youth psychiatry, paediatrics and others. In addition to the online evaluation through the students at the end of each VP, checklists completed by the VP designers got evaluated and compared due to each type of design using the eViP evaluation instruments. Results: Evaluation results will be presented in detail including weaknesses and strengths of design with respect to the scenario made for. Allover the feedback was encouraging and positive. A descriptive comparison of each type of design will be discussed including feedback of students and VP designers. Conclusions: VPs can be adjusted in design to suit different educational scenarios. The eViP design evaluation instruments proved to be helpful to further optimize VP design according to the scenarios used in.

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Repurposing virtual patients for the preclinical years - a pilot study

Oberle S., Huber S., Tönshoff B., Nawrotzki R., Huwendiek S.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2009

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Vol. 5, no. 9

79--82

EN

Introduction: Electronic virtual patients are becoming increasingly more popular in medical education. These interactive clinical scenarios seem to be well suited to integrate clinical case examples into preclinical education, thereby demonstrating relevance of the subjects studied and fostering transfer between theoretical and clinical subject matter. We report on a pilot study dealing with the repurposing of an existing clinical virtual patient to the preclinical part of medical education, with an assessment of the associated effort. Methods: For this pilot study, a CAMPUS virtual patient (www. campusvirtualpatients.com), originally created and implemented for teaching and assessment within the regular pediatric curriculum, was taken and repurposed for the preclinical part of medical education. According the preclinical learning objectives, this virtual patient was redesigned and the clinical level of difficulty was simplified. For the first time interactive graphics were used in the CAMPUS system. 26 second year medical students voluntarily worked through the virtual patient as self study, then completed a questionnaire. Results: 26 students took part in this pilot study. The results indicate a very high acceptance of virtual patients as learning tools and attest to a successful combination of clinical and preclinical elements. Students wish to have more virtual patients like the one presented, with cases in different preclinical subjects. The level of difficulty with respect to clinical features and the required knowledge needed to successfully complete the virtual patient is rather sophisticated for the preclinical part of medical education. The calculated associated effort for repurposing was 68 hours. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that students appreciate using virtual patients as a part of their preclinical education. It seems worthwhile to repurpose clinical virtual patients for the preclinical years. However, confirmation with a larger student population is needed and studies higher up within the Kirkpatrick levels would be beneficial.

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Badania laboratoryjne i techniczne fermentacji mlekowej odpadów organicznych

Rohde C., Nawrotzki R.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2007

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R. 29, nr 1

41-44

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki projektu badawczego, którego celem była analiza przydatności biologicznie rozkładalnych odpadów z placów targowych oraz z punktów gastronomii, jako substratu do wytwarzania kwasu mlekowego w procesie fermentacji mlekowej. Kwas mlekowy jest stosowany głównie do produkcji biopolimerów na potrzeby medycyny, do wytwarzania opakowań, włókien syntetycznych i odzieży, a także w przemyśle spożywczym, garbarskim, kosmetycznym itp. Wytwarzanie kwasu mlekowego z odpadów organicznych jest rodzajem recyklingu organicznego tych odpadów, a więc procesem mającym wysoki priorytet w hierarchii postępowania z odpadami. W badaniach laboratoryjnych oraz w skali technicznej odpady zaszczepiono bakteriami mlekowymi (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis) zawartymi w produkcie handlowym Bonsilage Forte firmy Lactosan. Na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych stwierdzono, że optymalna temperatura fermentacji mlekowej wynosiła 37 stopni Celsjusza. Zaobserwowano znaczny spadek wydajności procesu wraz ze wzrostem rozcieńczenia odpadów wodą (od 1:1 do 1:10). Przeanalizowano wpływ dodatku wapna lub ługu sodowego, wypełnienia przestrzeni gazowej reaktora gazem obojętnym (azot) oraz tlenem, a także dawkowania glukozy na przebieg procesu oraz rozkład kwasu mlekowego. W badaniach technicznych, przeprowadzonych w reaktorze o pojemności użytkowej 30 m3, uzyskano obiecujące wyniki, tj. utrzymywanie stałego stężenia kwasu mlekowego przy wysokim rozcieńczeniu odpadów wodą. Dalsze badania ukierunkowane będą na opracowanie skutecznej metody wydzielania kwasu mlekowego z ciekłego produktu fermentacji odpadów.

EN

The aim of the project was to analyze the potential application of biodegradable wastes from markets and restaurants as the feedstock for lactic acid production by lactic fermentation. Lactic acid is widely used for the production of medical biopolymers, packaging, synthetic fibers and clothing. Another major use of lactic acid includes food, tanning and cosmetic industries. Being regarded as a kind of organic recycling, lactic acid production from organic wastes is given high priority in the strategies for waste processing and management. The organic waste samples made use of in both laboratory and full-scale investigations were inoculated with milk bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis) that are present in the commercial product Bonsilage Forte made by Lactosan. Laboratory investigations revealed that the optimal temperature for lactic fermentation was 37. Another finding produced by the study was that the efficiency of the process decreased notably as the dilution of the wastes with water increased (from 1:1 to 1:10). Consideration was also given to the problem of how the addition of lime or soda lye, the filling of the gas space in the bioreactor with inert gas (nitrogen) and oxygen, and the dosage of glucose influence the course of the process and the decomposition of the lactic acid. The results of full-scale investigations (carried out in a bioreactor of a 30 m3 operating volume) were promising; lactic acid concentration remained constant at a high dilution of the waste with water. Further investigations will focus on the development of an efficient method for the separation of lactic acid from the liquid product of the lactic fermentation of organic wastes.