Decolouration of Acid Red 27 (AR27) was investigated using UV irradiation in the presence of SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The average crystallite size of SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized for 2 h was about 3.73 nm, according to X-ray analysis, and the specific surface area, which was estimated from the Halsey based t plot, was about 288 m2/g. The effects of UV irradiation in the absence of a photocatalyst and in the presence of pure SnO2 nanoparticles without any light source were negligible. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to build an empirical model for the results. The results of neural network analysis are in good agreement with the experimental data which show that AR27 decolouration exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetic behaviour.
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The study of mechanical alloying in the Cu–Fe system, as a model system for those with positive heats of mixing, has been investigated. The effects of impact force which pertains to ball-to-powder ratio, rotation speed and milling time, on the strain and grain size of final powders have been studied. The aim of this research was to find the optimum condition for mechanical alloying of Cu–Fe system by the automatic design and analysis of Taguchi experiments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the effect of incoming energy on the diffusion rate.
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Zn2TiO4/ZnTiO3 nanopowders were synthesized via CBD method. TiCl4, ZnCl2 and NaOH were used as precursors. The effect of temperature was investigated on morphologies and compositions of final product. The calcinations of the samples were carried out at 630 oC. The structures and morphologies of the products were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the best temperature for fabrication of the compounds without ZnO is 25 oC.
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