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The Effect of Fertilisation and Plant Care Practices on the Yield Structure of Black Currant

Polunina Oleksandra, Sharapaniuk Olha, Melnyk Yurii, Zabolotnyi Oleksandr, Cherneha Andrii, Voitovska Viktoriia, Mostoviak Ivan, Lozinska Anna, Prykhodko Vitalii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 5

141--147

The article is focused on the influence of fertilisation and plant care on the productivity of the black currant variety ‘Siuita Kyivska’. Black currant was planted on the Rodnikovka Experimental Farm of the Uman State Agrarian University. Better conditions for the development of such signs as the number of clusters per shrub and the length of a cluster were provided under the application of mineral fertilisation as a background and foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5%, maintaining of interrow space as clean fallow and mulching plants in the row with straw. The best characteristics of clusters were obtained with N60P90K90 as background fertilisation. Foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% resulted in an increased (by 251.2−299.8) number of clusters per plant and longer (by 0.60−0.80 cm) clusters. A combination of clean fallow and application of Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation resulted in lower indicators of the fruit weight in a cluster compared to the control. This means that the yield structure of black currant under the effect of fertilisation and plant care changes towards an increase in the number of clusters, thereby reducing the number of fruits and the weight of fruits from one cluster. It was also found that foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation contributed to an increase in the yield of black currant. In the treatment with clean fallow between rows and mulching plants in rows, application of fertiliser Riverm 3% or 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation N60P90K90, the yield of fruits was 13.1 t/ha.

Peculiarities of the Chemical Composition of Kohlrabi Varieties Cultivated in Ukraine

Ketskalo Viktoriia, Voitovska Viktoriia, Kononenko Lidiia, Kovtuniuk Zoia, Herasymchuk Helena, Borysenko Vitalii, Storozhyk Larysa, Yevchuk Yana, Poltoretska Nataliia, Vyshnevska Lesia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 5

46--50

The paper presents the results of experimental research on the peculiarities of the chemical composition of kohlrabi varieties ‘Azur’, ’Videnska Synia’, ‘Videnska Bila’ and ‘Hihant’ cultivated in field conditions in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to track changes in the biochemical composition of kohlrabi under the effect of varietal factor. The experiment was carried out in the years 2018−2021. It was found that the vegetation period of the variety ‘Hihant’ is 145 days, while the vegetation period of varieties ‘Azur’, ‘Videnska Synia’ and ‘Videnska Bila’ ranges between 60 and 80 days. As a result of the longer vegetation period, ‘Hihant’ overcomes other varieties under study by the content of water (88.7%) and dietary fiber (2.1 g/kg). Kohlrabi variety ’Videnska Synia’ is the most suitable for dietary nutrition, since it has a higher content of vitamins A, B1, B9, B4, C, B3, and essential amino acids, such as arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and phenylalanine, compared to other varieties. The content of linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids is also the highest in ’Videnska Synia’. However, the content of vitamin B6 is the highest in ‘Hihant’.

Ecological Assessment of Conditions for Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Cultivation Based on the Determination of its Yield Plasticity

Tretiakova Svitlana, Voitovska Viktoriia, Klymovych Nataliia, Maslovata Svitlana, Osipov Mykhailo, Khudik Liudmyla, Polunina Oleksandra, Prykhodko Vitalii, Novak Andrii, Strilets Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 5

145--152

In Ukraine, sorghum is grown in an area of 41000−49000 ha, with the yield ranging over years from 0.99 t/ha (2001) to 4.63 t/ha (2018). Such differences in productivity may be explained by the fact that, in recent decades, the value of degree-days in the Steppe zone increased from 3145 °C (1990) to 3550 °C (2019), and in the Forest Steppe zone by 445 °C. At the same time, the current annual precipitation in Ukraine is 578 mm, while sustainable farming requires 700 mm. In Steppe, which is a traditional sorghum cultivation zone, the change in climatic conditions led to insufficient soil moisture, with weather conditions influencing the formation of sorghum grain yield. The assessment of the stability and plasticity of the sorghum yield allows us to conclude that cultivation of this crop will not be effective without irrigation, adjustment of the cultivation technology or introduction of the varieties adapted to drought and high temperature. On the contrary, in Forest Steppe, conditions for obtaining high yields of sorghum improved in recent decades. Thus, in Vinnytsia region, favorable conditions formed in the years 2011−2020, in Kyiv region 2001−2005 and 2011−2015, and Poltava and Cherkasy regions 2006−2020. However, in Vinnytsia region, in the years 2001−2005, and in Kyiv region 2006−2010, low yield plasticity was caused by the negative impact of the extreme drought. Consequently, to reach high crop productivity and stable grain yield, it is necessary to introduce an ecologically sound sown area structure and use varieties of different genetic and geographical origins that are more resistant to the impact of adverse environment.