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The usage of renewable energy sources by countries in the Visegrád Group. Diagnosis and environmental effects

Jonek-Kowalska Izabela, Kurdelski Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2022

z. 161

37--51

Purpose: The goal of this article is evaluation and comparative analysis of the usage of renewable energy sources in the countries of the Visegrád Group in the years 2000-2020, in context of the current environmental situation in the European Union, concerning the reduction of CO2 emissions. Design/methodology/approach: The data regarding the creation of renewable energy used in this article is divided into: solar energy, wind energy, biomass and hydroenergy the division, in order to evaluate their usage in the energy mix of the Visegrád Group nations. Furthermore, in the research, the data on CO2 emissions in those countries has been used to measure the effects of the European Union's environment policy. This analysis used: average annual rate of change, trend function, as well as dependency analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: The results of the study suggest, that all of the countries belonging to the Visegrád Group take systemic measures to increase the share of renewable sources in the energy mix (most intensively in Poland). Nonetheless, the countries that reduce CO2 emissions the fastest are the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A smaller amount of success in this area is noted by Hungary. The CO2 emission rate per capita in Poland is maintained on a constant level, which shows ineffectiveness of the actions taken as part of the environmental policy. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the study is the usage of simple analytical methods of evaluation, that result from poor quality of available data and the restriction of the environmental effect assessment, which only identifies the correlation of linear relationships between CO2 emissions and the involvement of renewable sources in the energy mix of the studied countries. Practical implications: The results represent a foundation for recommendations to address the energetic policies of the studied countries. They may also serve as an example of the energy mix transformation in growing economies. Social implications: The results point to a low usage of renewable energy in the Visegrád Group and also partly (Poland, Hungary) a small range of the reduction of CO2 emissions per capita, which suggests the need to intensify actions for more efficient energy mix transformations, as well as sustainable development in the studied countries. Originality/value: The authenticity of the study results stems from a comparative analysis of the Visegrád Group's countries energy resource mix. Another advantage of this analysis is its embedding in the context of CO2 emission results.