Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Influence of Incidental Water on Changes in the Amount of Wastewater Flowing into the Treatment Plant

Jóźwiakowska Karolina, Kaczor Grzegorz, Marczuk Andrzej, Bugajski Piotr

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 6

392--405

EN

The paper determines the effect of daily precipitation, occurring in the sewerage catchment area located in the Jastków Commune, on the volume of wastewater, flowing into the treatment plant in Snopków. Daily and annual volumes of incidental water, caused by precipitation, flowing into the selected sewerage system were determined, and then the annual costs incurred for their treatment were calculated. The sewerage system selected for the study is located in the eastern part of Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship, within the Jastków Commune. The design average daily inflow of wastewater to the classical treatment plant with activated sludge is 1200 m3·d-1. To the sewage network made of PVC with a length of 67.22 km domestic wastewater from 1119 single-family buildings from 3350 residents are discharged. The study was carried out in 2019–2022, and the daily precipitation totals and daily sewage inflows to the treatment plant were analyzed. The results of the calculations were related to the humidity classification of the year (dry, average and wet) under temperate climate conditions. The study showed that during precipitation events, the share of incidental water in the average daily volume of wastewater flowing into the treatment plant ranged from 3 to 26%. Annually, 7,400 to 10,325 m3 of rainwater flowed into the studied treatment plant, which accounted for 5.0 to 6.3% of the annual volume of wastewater. The incidental waters flowing into the sewage system resulted in the need to spend additional sums – from PLN 47,814 (€10,897) to PLN 71,232 (€16,234) per year. Thus, the annual cost of wastewater treatment in the studied system increased by about 5–6%. The results of the study are important and valuable information for the operators of the analyzed sewerage network and the wastewater treatment plant, as well as for other units that use similar systems. They will allow to initiate actions to detect and eliminate illegal connections of roof gutters and/or yard drains to sanitary sewers in the analyzed area, which would then allow to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment in the studied case.

2

Assessment of the stability and reliability of the water treatment plant in Nowy Sącz using control cards

Śliz Paulina, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 52

251--256

EN

The subject of the study was to evaluate the stability and reliability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz. The scope of the analysed indicators included the main indicators of wastewater contamination: BOD5(biochemical oxygen demand), CODCr (chemical oxygen demand), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (Ntot), and total phosphorus (Ptot). The operation stability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz was determined on the basis of control cards x for 24 observations made in the period 2018-2019 (2 years). Moreover, the technological reliability of the tested sewage treatment plant (WN) was determined based on the values of the analysed pollution indicators in treated sewage and their permissible values. On the basis of the conducted analyses, full stability of the removal process of most of the analysed contaminants was found. In no case was there any crossing of the control lines, only a single grouping of samples above the help line in the case of total nitrogen, which could indicate a periodical disturbance in the stability of the removal process of this compound. On the basis of the obtained values of the reliability coefficient, which were below WN=1.00, reliable operation of the analysed facility was found, with a high degree of reduction (ƞ) of the analysed pollutants. The method of determining the technological reliability and stability of the treatment plant with the use of control cards is an effective and easy tool for detecting any disturbances and instabilities in the processes taking place in the tested facility. It enables the operator to take quick action to remove them, thus ensuring a safe wastewater treatment process for the environment and human health.

3

Technological reliability of sewage treatment plant with the Pomiltek Mann type bioreactor

Kurek Karolina, Bugajski Piotr, Operacz Agnieszka, Młyński Dariusz, Wałęga Andrzej

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 46

146--152

EN

The aim of the work was to determine the technological reliability of the selected pollution indicators removal BOD5, CODCr and total suspension from the sewage treatment plant working with the bioreactor Pomiltek Mann type. Wastewater treatment plant which is a subject of this study is located in Lesser Poland, in Siepraw commune. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids. Physico-chemical analyses of raw and treated wastewater, were carried out in the period from 2003 to 2014 (11 years). The research period included measured values of pollutions indicators in 38 samples of raw and treated sewage. For each of pollution indicators descriptive statistic, percentage reduction (n) and treatment plant reliability factors (RF) were calculated. Average reduction for BOD5 and TSS was on level equal 94%, only for COD the average reduction was lower and was on level 89%. The reliability values determined by Weibull method, were: 75% (BOD5), 90% (CODCr) and 89.5% (TSS). The reliability results have been lower than the presented by literature source, which means that work of wastewater treatment plant in Siepraw was not satisfied in 11 years of research.

4

A Weibull Analysis of the Reliability of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ, Poland

Bugajski Piotr, Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 2

825--840

EN

In the study, the Weibull method was used to determine the technological reliability of a collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ in Poland in regard of its ability to meet effluent discharge standards for selected pollution parameters. In addition, relative exceedance frequencies were calculated for this facility. The experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017. During this period, 87 samples of influent and effluent wastewater were collected and analyzed. The parameters investigated in the study included BOD5, COD, Total suspension and chromium Cr, for which the maximum permissible limits specified in the water quality permit are expressed as concentrations, and TN and TP, for which limit values are defined as minimum reduction rates (%). The technological reliability values for the parameters measured in concentration units were 72.5% for BOD5, 88% for COD, 65% for Total suspension, and 72.5% for Cr. The relative exceedance frequency was 23% of all measurement series for BOD5, 8% for COD, 25.3% for Total suspension, 16.1% for Cr, 2.5% for TN, and 2.0% for TP. It was found that the number of exceedances per year for all the investigated parameters was larger than the "tolerance limit" of five days laid down in the legal provisions in force in Poland relating to the quality of wastewater discharged to a reservoir. The results show that measures should be taken to identify the causes of the observed deficiencies in the reduction of the analyzed pollution parameters in the technological line of the treatment plant and that corrective action should be pursued.

PL

Celem pracy jest wykorzystanie metody Weibulla w celu określenia niezawodności technologicznej odnośnie uzyskania wartości normatywnych w ściekach oczyszczonych dla wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w zbiorczej oczyszczalni ścieków w Nowym Targu. Ponadto w pracy określono częstość względną występowania ponadnormatywnych wartości analizowanych wskaźników. Badania prowadzono w latach 2016 i 2017, gdzie w tym okresie pobrano i poddano analizie po 87 próbek ścieków dopływających i odpływających. W pracy uwzględniono wskaźniki, dla których wymagania w pozwoleniu wodno-prawnym podano jednostce wagowej i są to: BOD5, ChZT, zawiesina ogólna i chrom Cr oraz wskaźniki, dla których wymagania określono, jako minimalny stopnień redukcji (%) i są to: azot ogólny oraz fosfor ogólny. Niezawodność technologiczna dla wskaźników, których miarą jest jednostka wagowa wynosi dla BOD5– 72.5%, dla ChZT – 88% dla zawiesiny ogólnej – 65% i dla chromu Cr – 72.5%. Częstość względna występowania ponadnormatywnych wartości lub stopnia redukcji dla analizowanych wskaźników wynosi dla BOD5– 23%, dla ChZT – 8%, dla zawiesiny ogólnej – 25.3%, dla jonów chromu Cr – 16.1%, dla azotu ogólnego – 2.5% i dla fosforu ogólnego – 2.0% przypadków w stosunku do wszystkich serii pomiarowych. Stwierdzono, że liczba dni w roku, w których występują wartości ponadnormatywne dla badanych parametrów przekracza liczbę 5 dni, czyli „granicę tolerancji” wskazaną w obowiązującym w Polsce akcie prawnym dotyczącym jakości ścieków odprowadzanych do odbiornika. Na terenie analizowanego systemu kanalizacyjnego zaleca się podjąć działania w celu identyfikacji przyczyn występujących nieprawidłowości unieszkodliwiania analizowanych wskaźników w ciągu technologicznym oczyszczalni i podjąć działania naprawcze.

5

Untypical Draining Barriers Efficiency as a Method of Pollutants Limiting in the Groundwater Reservoir

Operacz Agnieszka, Kurek Karolina, Młyński Dariusz, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 3

67--76

EN

The main aim of the paper was to formulate a proposal of using the draining barriers as a method of limiting pollutants in the groundwater reservoir. Primary processes of pollutants migration and examples of functioning the draining barriers work against the spread of various pollutants in the groundwater were indicated. An untypical kind of draining barrier, i.e. wells which were designed as a hydrogeological borehole to exhaust water intended for consumption, was selected as the research object. For analytical purposes, the available archival results of the physicochemical analysis of groundwater exhausted from the wells, located in the water intake so-called “belt D” in Kraków-Nowa Huta were used. The database was analysed by specialist programs, and the dispersion migration of pollutants from the existing metallurgical waste dump “Ruszcza” in time was presented. Temporary and spatial variability of the physicochemical parameters of groundwater was done during the analysis. The analysis was performed both in the draining barriers wells and in the intake boreholes. A geostatistical analysis of the variability of pollutant spread in the groundwater medium was a vital factor in the appraisal efficiency of the draining barriers operation. It was shown that the highest contents of the researched substances were present in the wells, which are located the nearest of metallurgical waste dump “Ruszcza” and are thereby the wells co-forming draining barriers. The efficiency of draining barriers was found after a thorough analysis.

6

The Impact of Treated Sewage on Water Quality in Mordarka Stream

Kurek Karolina, Bugajski Piotr, Młyński Dariusz, Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 1

39--45

EN

This paper presents the analysis and evaluation of the impact of clean sewage on the water in the Mordarka river, in the period 2012–2015. The analysis was conducted based on the collected and statistical research: the amount and composition of the purified sewage discharged to the receiver. The following pollution indices were tested: total suspended solids, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. On the basis of the obtained results it was concluded that the amount of purified wastewater discharge to the Mordarka river, did not contribute to the degradation of the water quality in that period of time. Moreover, the level of indicators: total suspended solid, BOD5 and COD did not exceed the limit values from the regulation, which confirmed the effective protection of water quality in the Mordarka river. However, because of the high concentration of biogenic compounds in the purified wastewater effluents, the river is prone to eutrophication process.

7

The Analysis of the Amount of Pollutants in Wastewater after Mechanical Treatment in the Aspect of their Susceptibility to Biodegradation in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ

Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 8

135--143

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the biodegradability of organic and biogenic contaminants in wastewater flowing into biological reactors in the treatment plant in Nowy Targ. The research period covered the years 2016 and 2017, when 87 samples of raw wastewater and 87 samples of wastewater after mechanical treatment were collected and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. In both types of wastewater, the size of the following indicators was analyzed: BOD5, COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The study verified the amount of pollutants in the raw wastewater in order to determine whether they are household wastewater. In the next stage of the analysis, the characteristic values of the analyzed indicators in wastewater after the mechanical treatment process were determined in order to indicate mutual dependences of organic and biogenic indicators. Based on the analysis, it was found that wastewater after mechanical treatment (in the case of its susceptibility to biological decomposition processes of organic pollutants) has an unfavorable COD/BOD5 ratio. With regard to the susceptibility of wastewater to nitrification, denitrification and dephosphatation processes, in the majority of cases, wastewater is susceptible to these processes. It is recommended to apply an additional source of organic carbon to wastewater prior to biological treatment in order to improve the biodegradation of the analyzed pollutants.

8

Effect of wastewater temperature and concentration of organic compounds on the efficiency of ammonium nitrogen removal in a household treatment plant servicing a school building

Bugajski Piotr, Kurek Karolina, Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2019

|

Vol. 45, no. 3

31--37

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the temperature of wastewater in a biological reactor with activated sludge and the BOD5/N-NH4 ratio in the influent to the treatment plant on nitrification efficiency and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in treated wastewater. Tests were carried out in a household wastewater treatment plant which collects and treats sewage from a school building and a teacher’s house. During the 3-year study, large fluctuations in the sewage temperature in bioreactor were noted which was closely related to the ambient temperature. There were also large fluctuations in the concentration of organic matter and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in inflowing sewage. The influence of wastewater temperature in the bioreactor and the BOD5/N-NH4 ratio on the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in treated wastewater was determined using Pearson’s linear correlation. A statistical analysis showed that a 1°C decrease in the temperature of wastewater in the bioreactor increased the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in treated wastewater by 2.64 mgN-NH4·L-1. Moreover, it was found that nitrification depended on the ratio of BOD5 to the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in wastewater flowing into the bioreactor. An increase in the BOD5/N-NH4 ratio by 1 value led to a 5.41 mgN-NH4·L-1 decrease in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu temperatury ścieków w reaktorze biologicznym z osadem czynnym oraz stosunku BZT5/N-NH4 w ściekach dopływających do oczyszczalni na skuteczność procesu nitryfikacji i stężenia azotu amonowego w ściekach oczyszczonych. Badania prowadzono w przydomowej oczyszczalni, do której odpływają ścieki z budynku szkolnego oraz domu nauczyciela. W okresie 3-letnich badań odnotowano duże wahania temperatury ścieków w bioreaktorze co było ściśle związane z temperaturą otoczenia. Stwierdzono również duże wahania stężenia materii organicznej oraz stężenia azotu amonowego w ściekach dopływających. Analizę wpływu temperatury ścieków w bioreaktorze oraz stosunku BZT5/N-NH4 na stężenie azotu amonowego w ściekach oczyszczonych określono za pomocą korelacji liniowej Persona. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej stwierdzono, że wraz obniżeniem temperatury ścieków w bioreaktorze o 1°C następuje zwiększenie stężenia azotu amonowego w ściekach oczyszczonych o 2,64 mgN-NH4·L-1. Ponadto stwierdza się, że proces nitryfikacji zależny jest od stosunku BZT5 do stężenia azotu amonowego w ściekach dopływających do bioreaktora. Wraz ze wzrostem zależności BZT5/N-NH4 o 1 maleje stężenie stężenia azotu amonowego o 5,41 mgN-NH4·L-1

9

Effect of selected factors on the removal of organic matter in a model of moving bed biofilm reactor

Śliz Paulina, Bugajski Piotr, Kurek Karolina

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2019

|

Vol. 45, no. 3

64--71

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of selected factors on the reduction of organic pollutants, expressed in BOD5 and CODCr, in wastewater treated in a laboratory scale model of moving bed biofi lm reactor (MBBR). The factors included in the experiment: the degree of fi lling the fluidized bed with biomass carriers, hydraulic load, and aeration intensity. The tested model of the bioreactor consisted of five independent chambers with diameter D = 0.14 m and height H = 2.0 m, which were fi lled with biomass carriers at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 70% of their active volume. During the test period, hydraulic loads at the level of Qh1 = 0.073 m3·m-2·h-1 and Qh2 = 0.073 m3·m-2·h-1were applied, which ensured one-day and two-day sewage retention, respectively. The said reactors were subjected to constant aeration at P1 = 3.0 dm3·min-1 and P2 = 5.0 dm3·min-1. The highest efficiency of the reduction of the analysed indicators was demonstrated by reactors filled with carriers in the degree of 40–60%. Based on the statistical analyses (the analyses of the ANOVA variations and the Kruskal-Wallis test) carried out, it was found that the studied factors significantly modified the mutual interaction in the process of reducing BOD5 in treated wastewater of the reactors tested. The significance of the impact of the discussed factors on the values of the studied indicators in treated wastewater depends on mutual interactions between the investigated factors.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu wybranych czynników na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczeń organicznych, wyrażonych wskaźnikami BZT5 i ChZTCr, w ściekach oczyszczanych w modelu reaktora przypływowego ze złożem ruchomym typu MBBR. Czynniki, które uwzględniono w eksperymencie to: stopień wypełnienia złoża nośnikami biomasy, obciążenie hydrauliczne oraz intensywność napowietrzania. Badany model bioreaktora stanowił pięć niezależnych komór o średnicy D = 0,14 m i wysokości H = 2,0 m, które były wypełnione nośnikami biomasy w stopniu: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 70% ich objętości czynnej. W okresie badań zastosowano obciążenia hydrauliczne na poziomie Qh1 = 0,073 m3·m-2·h-1 oraz Qh2 = 0,073 m3·m-2·h-1, co zapewniało odpowiednio jednodobowe oraz dwudobowe zatrzymanie ścieków. Przedmiotowe reaktory poddawane były stałemu napowietrzaniu na poziomie P1 = 3,0 dm,3min-1 oraz P1 = 3,0 dm3min-1 = 5,0 dm3·min-1. Największą skuteczność redukcji analizowanych wskaźników wykazywały reaktory wypełnione kształtkami w stopniu 40–60%. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz statystycznych (analiza wariacji ANOVA oraz test Kruskala-Wallisa) stwierdzono, iż badane czynniki istotnie modyfikowały wzajemne oddziaływanie na siebie w procesie zmniejszania BZT5 w ściekach oczyszczonych badanych. Istotność wpływu omawianych czynników na wartości badanych wskaźników w ściekach oczyszczonych, zależy od wzajemnych interakcji między badanymi czynnikami.