Artykuł porusza problem pomiaru potęgi cybernetycznej państw na przykładzie dwóch modeli badawczych: modelu Cyber Power Index (CPI) oraz modelu A.M. Gomeza. Obie metody oparte są na analizie wskaźników, przy czym pierwszy model szacuje wyłącznie defensywną potęgę cybernetyczną, natomiast drugi zarówno jej wymiar defensywny, jak i ofensywny. Oba te wymiary cyberpotęgi stanowią obecnie główne determinanty kierunków poszukiwań rozwiązania ww. problemu badawczego. Ponadto model drugi służy do szacowania strategii państw w cyberprzestrzeni, spośrod trzech wyrożnionych: - utrzymania potęgi cybernetycznej; - osiągania równowagi; - demonstrowania potęgi cybernetycznej. Prezentowane wyniki badań obu modeli różnią się dość znacznie, co potwierdza złożoność problematyki już w fazie koncepcyjnej i konieczność dalszych poszukiwań.
EN
The article discusses the problem of measurement of cyber power of states using the example of two research models: Cyber Power Index (CPI) and A.M. Gomez. Both methods are based on the analysis of indicators. The first model values only defensive cyber power, the second defensive and offensive as well. Both of these cyber power dimensions can be seen as the main determinants of the directions of research for solutions to the above mentioned research problem. The second model serves for the estimating of a state s strategies in cyberspace from the- maintenance of cyber power, the achievement balance, and the demonstration of cyber power. The results of both models differ considerably enough and already confirm the complexity of this problem during the conceptual phase and highlight the need for further research.
Among the intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) operating in the security environment the key role play two of them: NATO & UN. The interactions between them present an important factor of the efficiency of conflict prevention understood as the process of early warning and preventive reaction relying on constant monitoring and analyzing of the evolution of situation in the areas of risk of armed conflicts or the areas of actually lasting armed conflicts (early warning) and current elaborating and taking up of the preventive actions (preventive reaction) for prevention potential, solution existing or renewal the ended armed conflict. In this range achieve the legally international foundations based on The United Nations Charter and The North Atlantic Treaty require widest, than so far implementation, in order to rate the relations between these two international security subjects, more functional than disfunctional, as there is presently.
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The aim of the article is to analise the evolution process, present state and forecast for the future of the European Union’s operational goal aimimg at ensuring military and civilian organizations the capabilities to conduct external crisis response operations. In the conclusion the author criticizes the activities adopted ad hoc caused mainly by the European Union’s aspirations on the international arena and transformations taking place in the contemporary international security environment.
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The article attempts to systemise institutions and mechanisms of Early Warning and Armed Conflict Prevention System in the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. The Early Warning and Armed Conflict Prevention System model presented by the author bases on three factors: structural and decision making, operational and external cooperation, situated in multidimensional area of political, military, human, economic and ecological activities of an organization that creates cooperative European security system of pan-European scope. The functional analysis of the model shows its weaknesses, the elimination of which requires the readiness to undertake intensive actions by all states participating in this organisation.
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The article focuses on the increase of importance and the role of mass media in contemporary information operations whose aim may be both to trigger the outbreak or escalation of armed conflicts (aggressive function) and prevent armed conflicts or leading to their end (preventive function) as a means to reach target aims by the state or non-state bodies.
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Contemporary diplomacy plays an unquestionable role in the process of armed conflicts early prevention, particularly in its pre-conflict stage, so before an armed conflict breaks out. In the traditional meaning, however, the notion of diplomacy is usually associated with government diplomacy, also called official or the first track diplomacy. Apart from discussing the problems mentioned above, the author draws a special attention to the role and significance in conflicts’ early prevention of less known kinds of diplomacy, referred as nongovernmental diplomacy, including multitrack, terrain and multimedia diplomacy. The basic differences between governmental and nongovernmental diplomacy have been pointed out.
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The interest in applying mathematical methods for social processes' calculations, analyses and research has been developing in the last few years. The article presents one of the contemporary directions to apply mathematical methods in the process of early warning against modern armed conflicts, based on empirical modelling developed by International Centre for Conflicts and Negotiations in Tbilisi. The theoretical assumptions of the empirical model were supported by a particular practical example that largely explains the idea of the problem under consideration without the necessity to have a broad knowledge in higher mathematics.
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