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Effects Of The Combined Heat And Cryogenic Treatment On The Stability Of Austenite In A High Co-Ni Steel

Gruber M., Ploberger S., Ressel G., Wiessner M., Hausbauer M., Marsoner S., Ebner R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2015

Vol. 60, iss. 3

2131-2137

The stability of austenite is one of the most dominant factors affecting the toughness properties of high Co-Ni steels such as Aermet 100 and AF1410. Thus, the aim of this work was to get a deeper understanding on the impact of combined heat and cryogenic treatment on the stability of retained and reverted austenite. In order to characterize the evolution of the phase fraction of austenite during tempering at different temperatures and times, X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out. The stability of austenite, which was formed during tempering, was analyzed with dilatometric investigations by studying the transformation behavior of the austenite during cooling from tempering temperature down to −100°C. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed to characterize the chemical composition and phase distribution of austenite and martensite before and after tempering.

Stabilność austenitu jest jednym z najbardziej dominujących czynników mających wpływ na ciągliwość stali Co-Ni, takiej jak Aermet 100 i AF1410. Celem pracy było głębsze zrozumienia wpływu skojarzonego nagrzewania i obróbki kriogenicznej na stabilność austenitu szczątkowego i przemienionego. Ewolucję udziału fazy austenitycznej podczas odpuszczania w różnych temperaturach i czasach przeprowadzono stosując rentgenowskie badania dyfrakcyjne. Stabilność austenitu, który powstał podczas odpuszczania, badano metodą dylatometryczną, analizując zachowanie się austenitu podczas odpuszczania w temperaturach poniżej –100°C. Zrealizowano badania metodą mikroskopii elektronowej w celu określenia składu chemicznego i rozkładu austenitu i martenzytu przed i po odpuszczaniu.

On the implementation of viscoelastic models in commercial CFD programs

Gruber M.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2005

Vol. 10, no spec

219-224

Although finite-volume methods have significant advantages in terms of memory usage and computational speed, traditionally finite-element based programs are used to solve complex viscoelastic fluid dynamic problems. This work presents the successful extension of the commercial, finite volume based, state-of-the-art CFD software package FLUENTŽ to viscoelastic fluid flow problems, a feature which is not supported by the standard version of the program. Differential viscoelastic models of Maxwell-Type are implemented utilizing two principle capabilities of the software, i.e. the possibilities to define additional transport equations for each component of the viscoelastic stress tensor and to modify this equations using the programming interface, respectively. Results of an illustrative benchmark problem are presented, demonstrating the capability and accuracy of the proposed method to perform viscoelastic flow simulations up to a Deborah number of 100.