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1
Content available Analysis of the Impact of Modifiers on the Formation of Non-metallic Inclusions During Continuous Casting of CuZn39Pb2 Brass
Bydałek A. W., Kula A., Błaż L., Najman K.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2019
|
iss. 3
21--26
EN
In this paper results of microstructural observations for series of CuZn39Pb2 alloys produced from qualified scraps are presented. The individual alloy melts were differentiated in terms of thermal parameters of continuous casting as well as refining methods and modifications. Structural observations performed by SEM and TEM revealed formation of different types of intermetallic phases including “hard particles”. EDS results show that “hard particles” are enrich in silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel elements. Additionally, formation of Al-Fe-Si and Al-Cr in alloy melts was observed as well. It was found that quantity and morphology of intermetallic phases strongly depends upon the chemical composition of raw materials, process parameters, modifiers and refining procedure applied during casting. It was observed that refining process results in very effective refinement of intermetallic phases, whereas modifiers, particularly carbon-based, results in formation of large particles in the microstructure.
2
Content available Dynamic Mode of Copper Recovery from the Post-Processing Slags
Wołczyński W., Bydałek A. W., Migas P., Tarasek A., Najman K.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 4
1923--1930
EN
The post-processing slags containing about 0.8 wt.% of copper were subjected to the treatment of a complex reagent. The chemical composition of the complex reagent has been elaborated and patented in frame of the Grant No. PBS3/A5/45/2015. The slags had an industrial origin and were delivered by the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów, as a product of the direct-to-blister technology performed in the flash furnace assisted by the arc furnace. An agglomeration of copper droplets suspended in the liquid slag, their coagulation, and deposition on the bottom of furnace were observed after the treatment this post-processing slag by the mentioned reagent. The treatment of the post-processing slags by the complex reagent was performed in the arc furnace equipped with some additional electrodes situated at the furnace bottom (additional, in comparison with the arc furnace usually applied in the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów). The behaviour of the copper droplets in the liquid slag within the competition between buoyancy force and gravity was studied from the viewpoint of the required deposition of coagulated copper droplets. The applied complex reagent improves sufficiently the surface free energy of the copper droplets. In the result, the mechanical equilibrium between coagulated copper droplets and surrounding liquid slag is properly modified. Eventually, sufficiently large copper droplets are subjected to a settlement on the furnace bottom according to the requirements. The agglomeration and coagulation of the copper droplets were significantly improved by an optimized tilting of the upper electrodes and even by their rotation. Moreover, the settlement was substantially facilitated and improved by the employment of both upper and lower system of electrodes with the simultaneous substitution of the variable current by the direct current.
3
Content available Determination of the Technological Parameters Process for Continuously Cast Brass Ingot
Bydałek A. W., Kwaśniewski P., Schlafka P., Wołczyński W., Najman K.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 1
9--14
EN
This article discusses issues related to continuous casting of brass. The tested material was CuZn39Pb2 brass with the use of continuous casting and different parameters of the process. The position consists of a melting furnace with a graphite refining pot of about 4000 cm3 chuting capacity, a graphite crystallizer of 9,5 mm nominal diameter, a primary and secondary cooling system and an extracting system as well. The analysis was carried out in terms of technological parameters of the process and type of charge. Highlighted: feedrate ingot, number of stops, and technological temperatures. The surface quality of the obtained ingots and the structure were analyzed. The most favorable conditions were indicated and technological recommendations indicated. They have been distinguished for ingots for plasticity and other technologies. Favorable casting conditions are low feed and low temperature. Due to the presence of impurities coming from the charge it is disadvantageous to have Ni greater than 0.053% by mass, and Fe more than 0.075% by mass. It is recommended to maintain a high zinc content in the melt which is associated with non-overheating of the metal during casting and earlier melting.
4
Content available Complex Reagent Efficiency in Reduction of Copper from the Slags in Conditions of the Smelter & Refinery Plant - Głogów
Wołczyński W., Migas P., Bydałek A. W., Najman K., Senderowski C., Kwapisiński P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 3
86--90
EN
The copper droplets contained in the post-processing liquid slag are subjected to the treatment by the complex reagent. The complex reagent has been recently elaborated and patented in frame of the Grant No. PBS3/A5/45/2015. In particular, the complex reagent is dedicated to the post-processing slags coming from the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów, as a product of the direct-to-blister technology performed in the flash furnace. The recently patented complex reagent effectively assists not only in agglomeration, and coagulation but also in the deposition of the copper droplets at the bottom of crucible / furnace as well. The treatment of the post-processing slags by the complex reagent was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company as in the industrial conditions which were similar to those usually applied in the KGHM – Polish Copper (Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów). The competition between buoyancy force and gravity is studied from the viewpoint of the required deposition of coagulated copper droplets. The applied complex reagent improves sufficiently the surface free energy of the copper droplets. In the result, the mechanical equilibrium between coagulated copper droplets and surrounding liquid slag is properly modified. Finally, sufficiently large copper droplets are subjected to a settlement on the crucible / furnace bottom according to the requirements.
5
Content available Analysis of the Possibility of Calculating the Charges on the Example of Brasses
Biernat S., Bydałek A. W., Wołczyński W., Najman K.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, iss. 4
2165--2170
EN
This paper describes the subject of brasses and the method of their production from the secondary raw materials. It focuses on two very important aspects extremely important for today’s world. The first of them is the theme of rational management of materials, particularly metallic scrap. The second issue is the growing importance of products made of brass, which in recent times get also special recognition in medicine. This article presents a proposal for a methodology for calculating the metal charge for brasses of two or more components. It turns out that by using suitable mathematical calculations one can accurately determine the amount of metal charge to obtain a product having the desired chemical composition and desired mechanical properties. Mathematical calculations are also presented in the graphical form for the visualization of dependency and a better explanation of the accepted approach.
6
Content available Reagents Activity in a Copper Droplets / Post-Processing Slag Suspension
Wołczyński W., Karwan-Baczewska J., Najman K., Bydałek A. W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 3
147--150
EN
The suspension of the copper droplets in the post-processing slag taken directly from the KGHM-Polska Miedź S.A. Factory (from the direct-to-blister technology as performed in the flash furnace) was subjected to the special treatment with the use of the one of the typical industrial reagent and with the complex reagent newly patented by the authors. This treatment was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company in the semi-industrial conditions. The result of the CaCO3, and Na2CO3 chemicals influence on the coagulation and subsequent sedimentation of copper droplets on the crucible bottom were subjected to comparison with the sedimentation forced by the mentioned complex reagent. The industrial chemicals promoted the agglomeration of copper droplets but the coagulation was arrested / blocked by the formation of the lead envelope. Therefore, buoyancy force forced the motion of the partially coagulated copper droplets towards the liquid slag surface rather than sedimentation on the crucible bottom. On the other hand, the complex reagent was able to influence the mechanical equilibrium between copper droplets and some particles of the liquid slag as well as improve the slag viscosity. Finally, the copper droplets coagulated successfully and generally, were subjected to a settlement on the crucible bottom as desired / requested.
7
Content available Evaluation of Precipitates Type in Brasses as a Function of Charge Material
Bydałek A. W., Najman K., Kula A., Biernat S., Błaż L., Wołczyński W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 3
19--24
EN
Trial series of cast alloy MO59 obtained from qualified scrap was investigated. SEM and TEM of resulting precipitates were conducted. The SEM analysis demonstrated the dependence of silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel in the composition of the so-called hard precipitates. TEM analysis showed the formation of phase AlFeSi and AlCr. Made studies have shown the important role of the composition of the batch melts brass CuZn39Pb2 type. The analysis of SEM and TEM resulting precipitates pointed to the formation of various forms of divisions, only one of which was described in the literature character of the so-called hard inclusions. The SEM studies demonstrated the dependence of the occurrence of inclusions rich in silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel. In contrast, additional TEM analysis indicated the formation of AlFeSi phase type and AlCr. The results of the analyses referred to the structure of the batch. Due to the difficulty of obtaining recycled materials that do not contain these elements necessary to carry out further analyzes in the direction of defining the role of phosphorus in the formation of the so-called hard inclusions.
8
Content available remote The results of copper alloys refining processes in the reduction conditions
Bydałek A. W., Schlafka P., Najman K.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
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Vol. 8, iss. 4
219-223
EN
The paper presents the analysis and investigation of the state of art in the field of metallurgy copper alloy in the reduction conditions. In the presented work it has been decided to show the results of the industrial investigations obtained with reference to Cu-Si, Cu-Sn and Cu-Zn alloys in the reduced melting conditions.
9
Content available remote The estimation slag refining features for the Cu-Si alloys melting process
Bydałek A. W., Bydałek A., Najman K., Schlafka P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2008
|
Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.
41--44
EN
In the paper a method of determining the reduction capability of slag solutions was used. The extraction of metallurgical slag during the process of melting of copper alloys can be intensified by addition of carbides. To analyse the process author has made an effort to estimate refining efficiency of complicated sets of reagents in real industrial systems. The paper presents the analysis of the State of art in the field of metallurgy of silicium bronze.
PL
Brązy krzemowe odznaczając się obecnością składników węglikotwórczych (min.: krzem, żelazo, mangan), w celu zapewnienia wysokiej jakości powierzchni oraz odpowiednich właściwości wytrzymałościowych, wymagają precyzyjnej obróbki w stanie ciekłym. Głównym zabiegiem technologicznym wpływającym na jakość końcową odlewów jest rafinacja dla której istotną cechą jest zdolność rafinacyjna stosowanych środków rafinacyjnych. Pokazany zostanie sposób oceny zdolności rafinacyjnej żużli dostosowanych do warunków topienia brązów krzemowych, oraz weryfikacja uzyskanych wskazań w warunkach przemysłowych.
10
Content available remote Wydzielenia powierzchniowe w mosiądzach odlewanych metodą ciągłą
Bydałek A. W., Paul H., Najman K., Balcerek D., Janas K.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 18/1
251--256
PL
W pracy wskazano na wpływ wybranych warunków topienia mosiądzów na tworzenie wydzieleń na powierzchni wlewków mosiężnych wykonanych metodą odlewania ciągłego. Wskazano na różnice w stosunku do warunków odlewania mosiądzów w wlewnicach. Zanotowano zróżnicowanie mikro składu chemicznego wydzieleń w zależności od warunków topienia.
EN
It was showed the brass refining with the many-carbide reagents introduced in to the slag on the metal flow with the slag and gas in to the refining metal. The most interesting was the distribution of the non-metallic inclusions.The paper presents the results of the structure analysis of the brass after carbide slag refining in the industrial conditions. The effect refining by continuous casting CuZn43Mn4Pb3Fe alloys are argument on high reducing effectiveness of carbide and manganese edition. The dispositions of Fe, Ni and Pb have turned to be the most important. This effects showed on the great manganese influences there are introduced in to the slag compositions as R1and R2.
11
Content available remote Topienie brązów krzemowych w warunkach redukujacych
Bydałek A. W., Najman K.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
R. 6, nr 22
107-110
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz i badań odnoszących się do warunków topienia brązu krzemowego. Wykazano konieczność prowadzenia wytopów z ukierunkowaniem na odtlenienie i ze wskazaniem na eliminację oddziaływania węgla w otoczeniu ciekłego metalu.
EN
In the work the analysis of carbon influence in the diffusive refining conditions of Cu-Si alloys was has carried out. The refining process in described reducing conditions on similarity to the ferrous metal processes melting were showed.
12
Content available remote Wpływ rafinacji brązu BK331 na jego odporność na ścieranie
Najman K., Muszyński W., Bydałek A. W.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2004
|
R. 4, nr 11/2
29--34
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę oddziaływań rafinacyjnych na właściwości trybologiczne brązu BK331. Ustalono zależność charakteru budowy strukturalnej wlewków na stan zużycia powierzchni badanych wlewków.
EN
The analyse in running the refining processes on friction resistance of bronze BK331 were introduced. The dependence of structural building of casts from state of waste of surface was established. Dependence this stepped out in samples from heat II. Thereat for this series of samples the smallest intensity of waste was observed. It analysing was saggested that the different ways of dosage of the refining slag have as a property significant influence of tribological received melt.
13
Content available remote Wpływ zjawisk powierzchniowych na powstawanie segregacji odwrotnej w brązach krzemowych
Bydałek A. W., Czyż M., Najman K.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
|
2001
|
Vol. 21, Nr spec
27-32
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy teoretycznej zjawisk powierzchniowych w odniesieniu do wy-stępującej w brązach krzemowych segregacji odwrotnej. Podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia współzależności między występowaniem zanieczyszczeń brązów krzemowych a tendencją do tworzenia się na powierzchni wlewków tzw. wysięków.
EN
The theoretical aspects of the segregation in the bronze BK331 (3,5-5,2 Zn, 0,6-1,1 Fe, 0,7-1,6 Mn and 3,3-4,0 Si) on the basis surface parameters and own investigation has been presented. There have been described the influences of same alloys compounds on the segregation of the ingot. The analysis showed that together phosphorus Bi, Sb, and Sn are undesirable.
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