Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wsparcie procesu automatycznego wykrywania topologii sieci MAN. Analiza, projekt i implementacja narzędzia do automatycznego wykrywania topologii sieci z wykorzystaniem podejścia inżynierii odwrotnej

Wiszniewski Ł., Kujawa K., Woźniak J.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2015

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nr 10

1579--1586

PL

Jednym z istotniejszych wyzwań, o ile nie najważniejszym, pojawiających się przed administratorem sieci MAŃ w procesie zarządzania, jest konieczność szybkiej analizy zmian zachodzących w logicznej topologii sieci. Sieć MAN składa się z wielu typów urządzeń sieciowych, często różnych producentów i wymagających różnych metod zarządzania nimi. Konieczne jest wiec znalezienie spójnej metody, umożliwiającej zebranie podstawowych informacji o stanie sieci w celu ich późniejszej analizy. Zaprezentowano sposoby pozyskiwania danych o logicznej topologii oraz autorski system do ich przetwarzania i wizualizacji, który upraszcza proces lokalizacji i oceny stopnia awarii sieci MAN.

EN

One of essential challenges in MAN management, a network administrator has to solve, is the need for fast analysis of changes in a network topology. A typical MAN network consists of many kinds of devices deployed by various manufacturers, and requiring different methods of their management. Thus it is necessary to create a common method for gathering basic information about network conditions. The paper presents ways of obtaining data used for reconstruction of a logical topology, together with the authors' system of their processing and visualization, which simlifies process of failure detection and localization in MAN network.

2

Wpływ kształtu formy na skurcz liniowy tworzonego stopu EN AC-48000

Kujawa K.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2015

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nr 2

29--32

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zjawiskiem skurczu liniowego krzepnącego i stygnącego odlewu siluminowego. W prowadzonych badaniach zastosowano formy metalowe odwzorowujące odlew pionowego pręta testowego o przekroju okrągłym (stałym lub zmiennym). Zastosowanie dwóch wariantów form zagwarantowało uzyskanie porównywalnych warunków stygnięcia przy uzyskaniu warunków skurczu ideowo swobodnego (forma o zbieżności 1:100, niedzielona) oraz skurczu hamowanego (forma walcowa, dzielona) jedynie na powierzchni odlew-forma. Na podstawie rejestrowanych zmian temperatury odlewu oraz zmian wymiaru osiowego krzepnącego odlewu i formy testowej określono kinetykę skurczu liniowego oraz zmian współczynnika liniowej rozszerzalności cieplnej w funkcji temperatury Przedstawiono wyniki badania skurczu liniowego uzyskane w formie ze zbieżnością oraz bez niej (walcowej).

EN

The paper presents results of research on the phenomenon of linear shrinkage and cooling silumin. In this study using a metal mold test mapping casting circular cross-section vertical rod (fixed or variable). Use of two variant forms of guarantees comparable cooling conditions in obtaining spasm of ideological freedom (form convergence of 1:100, unshared) and inhibits the contractions (as a cylindrical joint) only the surface of the mold. Based on the recorded temperature changes and changes in the casting of the axial dimension of the casting mold and solidification of the test set, certain intensity and the change of the linear shrinkage coefficient of linear expansion of heat as a function of temperature. Shows the result of research in the form of linear contraction and convergence without it (cylindrical).

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Restoration of subalpine species-rich grasslands: short-term vs long-term changes in the density and diversity of above-ground insects

Karg J., Kujawa K., Manhart C., Marschalek H., Neugebauer K. R., Sachteleben J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 1

142--158

EN

Due to decrease in the area of extensively managed, semi-natural grasslands, that contribute to high biodiversity level preservation, the conversion of highly productive meadows to extensively managed, species-rich grasslands is now regarded as an important task for nature conservation. The aim of this long-term study was to assess the significance of restoration measures for diversity and trophic structure of above-ground insect community. That study challenges some weaknesses of previous studies as it was conducted with the use of suction trap enabling quantitative analyses of the changes in most insect taxa, and in a long time-span (1992–2005) in a set of permanent plots. The study area was located in a subalpine zone in Bavaria, near Laufen (Germany). The restoration process was initiated in 1996 by a cessation of fertilization and reduction of number of mowing to 1–2 per year. The changes in insect density and diversity (number of families) were monitored in ten restored and two reference plots with the aid of a suction trap. The changes in the insect community recorded during 14 years support findings from other studies that response of insect community to restoration process is usually slow on average. The short-term comparison in 2004–2005 between the restored and reference plots show that the first ones were characterized by more diverse (in term of family number) insect communities (as a whole as well as in guilds of predatory and parasitic species). From the other side, the long-term trend analysis shows that since 1998–2000 insect diversity and abundance was declining. Also trophic structure is fluctuating without clearly defined trend. These findings are in line with the results of the analyses of taxonomic composition similarity. They did not support the expectations neither that difference between initial and current taxonomical composition in a restored plot increases in time (mainly because of incoming new species), nor that spatial heterogeneity of insect assemblages should increase. However, spatio-temporal insect interactions between sample plots (located close to each other), linked to high movement ability of many insect taxa, could mask the changes in insect community caused by restoration.

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Bezpieczny Mikrosterownik Logiczny dla systemów krytycznych

Sałamaj M., Kujawa K.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2014

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R. 60, nr 11

1037--1040

PL

Artykuł przedstawia tematykę związaną z projektowaniem nowego układu bezpiecznego, który w przyszłości zdolny byłby nie tylko do bezpiecznego i precyzyjnego zarządzania określonymi systemami krytycznymi ale również rozwiązaniami uniwersalnymi. Prezentowane wyniki badań obejmują propozycję nowej koncepcji układowej Bezpiecznego Mikrosterownika Logicznego (BML) w zakresie dywersyfikacji jego rozwiązań, które przeprowadzono z użyciem jak najprostszych mechanizmów oraz rozwiązań technicznych. Tego typu podejście pozwoliło na otrzymanie prostego i bezpiecznego mikrosystemu decyzyjno-sterującego, w którym zastosowane mechanizmy oraz rozwiązania zwiększyły bezawaryjność oraz niezawodność jego funkcjonowania. W rezultacie, tak zaproponowana jednostka sterująca okazała się rozwiązaniem jak najbardziej uniwersalnym, która może być stosowana do zarządzania dowolnym systemem krytycznym jak również (w miarę postępu technologicznego przy jednoczesnym spadku cen rozwiązań technicznych) dowolnym uniwersalnym systemem czasu rzeczywistego.

EN

The article presents the issues related to the design of a new safety unit, which in the future would not only be able to manage certain critical systems safely and accurately but also universal solutions. The research results presented include a proposal for a new systemic concept of a Safety Logical Microcontroller (BML), concerning the diversification of its solutions, which was carried out using the simplest mechanisms and technical solutions. This approach allowed to obtain a simple and safe decision-making and control microsystem, in which the applied mechanisms and solutions increase reliability of its operation. As a result, the proposed control unit has proved to be the very universal solution, which can be used to manage any critical system as well as (as technology advances with the simultaneous decrease in the price of technical solutions) any universal real-time system.

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Effect of distance from forest edge on the distribution and diversity of spider webs in adjacent maize field

Oleszczuk M., Ulikowska M., Kujawa K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 4

759-768

EN

The study was carried out on lowland agricultural lands in western Poland between July and August 2007. The influence of the proximity of forested areas on the occurrence of foliage-dwelling spiders was defined by measuring the abundance of spider webs on five transects situated at distances of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 metres from the forest edge. Generally, the greatest diversity and the highest total density were observed close to the forest edge, but an opposite relation was found for orb webs, built by spiders from the families Araneidae and Tetragnathidae, whose abundance was the lowest in close proximity to the forest. At a distance of 80 metres from the forest a slight increase in total abundance of webs was recorded, no doubt due to the presence of weeds, in which were recorded numerous occurrences of sheet and irregular webs. On all the transects studied, orb webs predominated on maize shoots, whereas only three-dimensional sheet and irregular webs occurred on weeds. Included in this discussion are some of the potential effects of the proximity of forest areas on foliage-dwelling spider populations in maize fields and on the possibilities for spiders limiting this crop's pests.

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Investigations of linear contraction and shrinkage stresses development in hypereutectic al-si binary alloys

Mutwil J., Kujawa K., Bajon G., Hajn P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 4

157-164

EN

Shrinkage phenomena during solidification and cooling of hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys (AlSi18, AlSi21) have been examined. A vertical shrinkage rod casting with circular cross-section (constant or fixed: tapered) has been used as a test sample. Two type of experiments have been conducted: 1) on development of the test sample linear dimension changes (linear expansion/contraction), 2) on development of shrinkage stresses in the test sample. By the linear contraction experiments the linear dimension changes of the test sample and the metal test mould as well a temperature in six points of the test sample have been registered. By shrinkage stresses examination a shrinkage tension force and linear dimension changes of the test sample as well a temperature in three points of the test sample have been registered. Registered time dependences of the test bar and the test mould linear dimension changes have shown, that so-called pre-shrinkage extension has been mainly by mould thermal extension caused. The investigation results have shown that both: the linear contraction as well as the shrinkage stresses development are evident dependent on metal temperature in a warmest region the sample (thermal centre).

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Effect of young midfield shelterbelts development on species richness of macrofungi communities and their functional structure

Kujawa K., Kujawa A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 1

45-56

EN

The aim of the study was to recognize features characterizing development of macrofungi communities occurring in afforestations planted in crop fields and to evaluate the role of these habitats in conservation of macrofungi and preserve high species richness. The study was carried out in 1998-2006 and covered four shelterbelts (planted in 1993-1996) located in the area of the Dezydery Chłapowski Landscape Park (western part of Poland). The shelterbelts were colonized by macrofungi just after planting. During first years of their growth a total of 174 species were recorded. Species composition changed significantly between initial (1998-2000) and final (2004-2006) period of study. Similarity of macrofungi communities (expressed as the Sorensen's index) between these two periods in studied shelterbelts ranged between 37 and 46%. In spite of high similarity in tree species composition between studied afforestations (69-80%), the communities of macrofungi differed strongly between these sampling plots (Sorensen's index was equal to about 40%). Pattern of changes in percentage share of functional groups, i.e. parasitic, mycorrhizal and saprotrophs (humicolous, lignicolous, litterinhibiting and muscicolous ones) in individual afforestations was different but the diversity of the communities measured with the Shannon-Weaver H' index on the basis of share of functional groups tended to increase with ageing of afforestations. On average, the share of fungi growing on soil (ectomycorrhizal and humicolous saprotrophic species) was highest among all distinguished groups. Species composition of particular functional group was changing during the study period. A species representing new groups (lignicolous saprotrophs and parasites) were appearing in some shelterbelts in successive years. There were recorded some species rare in Poland, eg. Psilocybe (Stropharia) melanosperma (Bull. ex Pers.: Fr.) Noordel., Clavariadelphus fistulosus (Holmsk.: Fr.) Corner, Thelephora caryophyllea (Schaeff): Fr., Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer, Galerina clavata (Velen.) Kuhner, Lachnella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Fr., Macrocystidia cucumis f. minor Joss, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quel., Psilocybe (Stropharia) inuncta (Fr.: Fr.) Noordel., Trichophaea gregaria (Rehm) Boud. and Typhula filata (Pers.) Herter. Occurrence of rare and threatened species in young shelterbelts indicates that such afforestations, planted in crop fields but not treated by agricultural practices, contribute to the protection of species richness of macrofungi associated with tree communities and they are important substitute habitats for many species.

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Influence of silicon concentration on linear contraction process of Al-Si binary alloy

Mutwil J., Kujawa K., Marczewski P., Michajłow P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 4

141-148

EN

Investigations of shrinkage phenomena during solidification and cooling of aluminium and aluminium-silicon alloys (AlSi5, AlSi7, AlSi9, AlSi11, AlSi12.5, AlSi18, AlSi21) have been conducted. A vertical shrinkage rod casting with circular cross-section (constant or fixed: tapered) has been used as a test sample. By constant cross-section a test channel mould was parted and allowed a constrained contraction to examine. No parted test channel mould was tapered and allowed an unconstrained contraction to investigate. In the experiments the dimensions changes of solidifying test bar and the test mould have been registered, what has allowed to explain a mechanism of pre-shrinkage extension of solidifying metals and alloys. Registered time dependence of the test bar and the test mould dimension changes have shown, that so-called pre-shrinkage extension has been by mould thermal extension caused. The investigation results have also shown that time- and temperature dependences of shrinkage of Al-Si alloys have been on silicon concentration depended.

9

The effect of land cover and fragmentation of agricultural landscape on the density of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia L.) in Brandenburg, Germany

Latus C., Kujawa K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 4

535-543

EN

The aim of the study was to identify landscape properties which are responsible for the large differences in White Stork population densities occurring in an agricultural landscape. The study area covered six plots (308-1218 km2) in Brandenburg (Germany). They differed in respect to proportions of main landscape components (grasslands, crop fields, woodlands, parks and gardens, built-up areas), to degree of fragmentation of grasslands and crop fields and to proportions of different grassland types (moist meadows, slightly moist pasturelands, dry grasslands, persistent nitrophilous ruderal communities, herbaceous perennials and intensively used sown grassland). The correlation coefficients between the Stork density and proportions of main landscape components were small (|rs|<0.7) and insignificant (P>0.15) but the Stork density was positively related to proportion of intensively used sown grasslands. However, the greatest part of variation in Stork density could be explained by the fragmentation of grasslands and crop fields. Stork density was positively correlated with density of crop field patches as well as with grassland edge density. The spatial distribution of these patches was not important. Our results suggest that at a moderate proportion (ca. 10%) of grasslands, composition and high fragmentation of these habitats are vital for white storks.

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Nowa wersja stanowiska do badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie krzepnących metali i stopów

Mutwil J., Romankiewicz R., Kujawa K.

Archiwum Odlewnictwa

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2005

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R. 5, nr 17

183--190

PL

Opisano prototypowe hydrauliczne stanowisko do badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie krzepnących i stygnących metali i stopów. W pomiarze rejestrowana jest siła rozciągająca i wydłużenie testowego odlewu oraz temperatura na przekroju jego ścianki. Stanowisko umożliwia prowadzenie badań przy różnych szybkościach rozciągania odlewu.

EN

A prototypical hydraulic test stand for examination of tensile strength of solidifying and self-cooling metals and alloys has been described. The tensile force, extension of test casting and temperatures of his wall are in measurement registered. The influence of casting tension rate can be examined.

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Badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie krzepnącego i stygnącego siluminu AlSi5Cu3MgMn

Mutwil J., Romankiewicz R., Kujawa K.

Archiwum Odlewnictwa

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2005

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R. 5, nr 17

191--196

PL

Opisano badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie krzepnącego siluminu Al-Si5Cu3MgMn. W pomiarze rejestrowano siłę rozciągającą i wydłużenie testowego odlewu oraz temperaturę na przekroju jego ścianki. Badano wpływ dodatków stopowych na wytrzymałość krzepnącego stopu. Badania prowadzono na stopie niemodyfikowanym oraz modyfikowanym kompleksowo strontem , tytanem i borem.

EN

The examinations of tensile strength of solidifying AlSi5Cu3MgMn alloy have been described. The tensile force, extension of test casting and temperatures of his wall are in measurement registered. The influence of alloying elements on tensile strength of solidifying alloy has been examined. The examinations have been carried out on unmodified and modified alloy (by complex-addition of strontium, titanium and boron).

12

Importance of young shelterbelts for breeding avifauna in agricultural landscape (Turew area, West Poland)

Kujawa K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

433-443

EN

Protection of high biodiversity in an intensively farmed areas is strongly related to managing the diverse structure of a landscape, for example by planting shelterbelts. The study was aimed at recognition of avifauna dynamics in young (with the age 1-4 years at the beginning of the study) shelterbelts (N=9) and at estimation of their importance of farmland birds. Bird density was estimated by mapping method in successive years 1996-2001 and the data were combined and analysed in respect to age of shelterbelts. Eighteen breeding species were found (5-8 pairs km^-1), among them most abundant were Corn Bunting (Militaria calandra) (with dominance of 33%), Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) (19%) and Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) (12%). No trend in the changes of species richness and total density was recorded. The density of species preferring building nests and?or feeding in herb layer (like Yellow Wagtail, Skylark Alauda arvensis and Whinchat Saxicola rubetra) decreased during study period while the density of species associated to higher layers of vegetation like Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) increased. According to earlier study, bird species richness and abundance in studied young shelterbelts were lower than in several dozens years old ones. However, in relation to species colonization both classes of shelterbelts (species building their nests on the ground or in low shrubs), young shelterbelts were as important as old ones.