Two types of miniaturized dual band implantable antennas are designed and presented, one of a meander type and the other is the so called comb antenna. In medical applications the electromagnetic characteristic changes of tissue in different situations and the corresponding resonant frequency shifts, should not disturb the data transmission. The objective is to design dual band antennas in 400 MHz and 2.4 GHz with suitable bandwidths and small sizes. The meander type antenna was fabricated and its S parameters were measured using an equivalent liquid phantom of skin, fat and muscle which included propanol, butanol, purified water and salt. The experimental results are shown and compared.
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Previously we introduced Parallel Specialized XCS (PSXCS), a distributed-architecture classifier system that detects aliased environmental states and assigns their handling to created subordinate XCS classifier systems. PSXCS uses a history-window approach, but with novel efficiency since the subordinateXCSs, which employ the windows, are only spawned for parts of the state space that are actually aliased. However, because the window lengths are finite and set manually, PSXCS may fail to be optimal in difficult test mazes. This paper introduces Recursive PSXCS (RPSXCS) that automatically spawns windows wherever more history is required. Experimental results show that RPSXCS is both more powerful and learns faster than PSXCS. The present research suggests new potential for history approaches to partially observable environments.
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