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1

Alleviation effect of selenium on manganese stress of plants

Kleiber T., Krzesiński W., Przygocka-Cyna K., Spiżewski T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 1

143--152

EN

Mn, as Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni is a heavy metal and also a necessary element all the living organisms. Excessive Mn nutrition causes a strong oxidative stress. The aim of the studies was to determination the effect of Se treatment (as sodium selenite Na2O4Se3) to alleviate the Mn stress of plants. Because of its sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by excessive concentrations of Mn a model plant was lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunny’). The studies were conducted in a controlled environment growth room in stable climate conditions: 16 h photoperiod; temperature light/dark 18.0 ±0.5°C/16.0 ±0.5°C; relative humidity 70-80%; quantum flux density 195-205 μmol m−2 s−1. Plants were grown hydroponically in nutrient solution characterized by excessive Mn content (19.2 mg dm−3) and different contents of Se (control; 0.77, 1.05, 1.33 mg dm−3). In all the combination were also tested different foliar sprays (distilled water and a 0.005% Se solution). Plants grown under conditions described above take up and transported Se from nutrient solutions into their leaves with a significant reduction of Mn concentration and changes in the plant nutrient status. With the increase in the concentrations of Se clearly narrowed quantitative relations in the leaves between this element and micro-metallic. Increasing Se levels in nutrient solution has a positive influence on the growth of plants, but Se foliar treatment generally decreases plant yield. The study shown that Se application may lead to alleviation of Mn stress of plants, with simultaneous reduce in Mn concentration in leaves - which may be of practical importance also in the cultivation of more economically important species.

2

Assessment of heavy metals inactivation in contaminated soil by coal fly and bottom ashes

Diatta J., Fojcik E., Drobek L., Spiżewski T., Krzesiński W.

Mineralogia

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2017

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Vol. 48, iss. 1/4

127--143

EN

The study compared coal fly and bottom ashes for their ability to inactivate metals and lead to soil remediation. Soil was artificially contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd at five degrees. Next, both ashes were added at five rates: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% and all treatments incubated. Data showed that for moderately contaminated soils, ash rates of 0.5 – 1.0% were efficient from 40 to 70% for Zn and Cd, and raised markedly to between 70 and 93% for Cu and Pb. For extremely contaminated soils, the rates of ashes at 1.0, 1.5 and 2% were much more efficient (60 – 80%). The use of fly and bottom ashes for metal inactivation and soil remediation should give greater consideration to the effect of pH and the type of heavy metals than the content of SiO2 and Al2O3. Fly ash displayed superior inactivation and remediation effects to the bottom ash.

3

Zastosowanie zeolitu i bentonitu do stabilizacji ołowiu w glebie zanieczyszczonej

Andrzejewska A., Diatta J., Spiżewski T., Krzesiński W., Smurzyńska A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

1--6

PL

Ołów jest pierwiastkiem toksycznym, który często włącza się w łańcuch troficzny. Jest słabo podatny na migrację w głąb profilu glebowego, a jego obecność w wierzchnich warstwach gleb spowodowana jest czynnikami antropogenicznymi. Zeolity to krystaliczne, uwodnione glinokrzemiany zawierające w swojej budowie system komór oraz kanałów powiązanych ze sobą. To samo dotyczy bentonitów, które zawierają nie mniej niż 75% montmorillonitu. Obydwa minerały / sorbenty odznaczają się dużą pojemnością sorpcyjną, z przewagą dla bentonitów. Wprowadzenie do gleby tych sorbentów umożliwia skuteczne unieruchomienie zanieczyszczeń, szczególnie metali ciężkich. Badania miały na celu ocenę właściwości stabilizacyjnych zeolitu oraz bentonitu na glebach zanieczyszczonych ołowiem. Sorbenty te zastosowano w różnych dawkach (0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0%) do gleby zanieczyszczonej ołowiem, a następnie inkubowano całość przez cztery miesiące. Zmierzono odczyn (pH) gleby, przewodność elektrolityczną oraz całkowitą zawartość stałych substancji rozpuszczonych. Oznaczono formy całkowite, a także formy reaktywne (w 0,11 mola CH3COOH dm-3) ołowiu. Ocenę efektywności stabilizacyjnej Pb dokonano na podstawie zawartości frakcji reaktywnej ołowiu w poszczególnych obiektach z zeolitem jak i bentonitem. Stwierdzono, że dodatek zarówno zeolitu jak i bentonitu wpłynął na zmniejszenie stężeń aktywnych form ołowiu w glebach skażonych tym pierwiastkiem. Zatem oba sorbenty posiadają dobre właściwości stabilizacyjne i mogą być wykorzystywane do skutecznego unieruchamiania ołowiu w glebie zanieczyszczonej antropogenicznie.

EN

Lead is a toxic element, which is often incorporated into the trophic chain. It is resistant to migration into the soil profile and its presence in the upper layers of the soil is caused by anthropogenic factors. Zeolites are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates containing a system of connected chambers and channels in their structure. The same properties apply to the bentonite which contains at least 75% montmorillonite. Both clay mineral / sorbents are characterised by high sorptive properties, which are greater in the case of the bentonite. Incorporation of these sorbents into the soil can effectively immobilize contaminants, especially heavy metals. The study evaluated the properties of zeolite and bentonite for stabilizing lead (Pb) in a contaminated soil. Sorbents were applied at different rates – 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% – to the contaminated soil and incubated for four months. Soil reaction (pH) and the electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The total content of Pb and the reactive forms (extracted by 0.11 mol CH3COOH dm-3) were determined in the examined soil samples. Evaluation of the stabilization efficiency of Pb was performed on the basis of the fractions of the reactive lead. It was found that the addition of both zeolite and bentonite decreased the concentrations of the active forms of lead in soils. Thus, the two sorbents are characterized by a good stability and can be used for efficiently immobilizing lead in the soil contaminated through anthropogenic activity.

4

Effect of Magnesium Nutrition of Onion (Allium cepa L.). Part I. Yielding and Nutrient Status

Kleiber T., Golcz A., Krzesiński W.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 1

97-105

EN

Magnesium (Mg) serves specific physiological functions in plants, as it participates in 250÷400 processes and may not be replaced by other elements, even those exhibiting similar physicochemical properties, such as Co2+, Mn2+ or Ni2+. The aim of the conducted studies was to optimize magnesium nutrition of onion (Allium cepa L.), through the evaluation of yielding of plants, and to determine its effect on contents of the following elements in leaves and bulbs: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Magnesium was applied in the quick-acting form, MgSO4ź7H2O, based on the chemical analyses of soil, in doses corresponding to 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg Mgźdm–3 soil. The other nutrients were supplemented to standard levels recommended for the cultivation of onion, amounting to (in mgźdm–3 soil) 150 N, 80 P and 200 K. Magnesium nutrition was found to have a positive effect on yielding of onion and its quality. Significantly the highest total yield (4.85 kgźm–2) and merchantable yield (4.78 kgźm–2) were obtained when applying Mg-100, which amounted to an increase by 38% and 45% in comparison with the control combination. Plant nutrition with magnesium in case of leaves significantly affected an improvement of their nutrient status for nitrogen, deterioration of calcium nutrition, while in case of leaves and bulbs that of potassium. Analyzed levels of magnesium nutrition had a significant effect on nutrient status of leaves and bulbs for this nutrient. Leaves accumulated more nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium than bulbs. Controlled magnesium nutrition of plants is an effective method of biofortification of onion with this nutrient.

PL

Magnez (Mg) pełni w roślinie specyficzne funkcje fizjologiczne - bierze udział w 250-400 procesach i nie może być zastąpiony przez inne pierwiastki, nawet o zbliżonych właściwościach fizykochemicznych, takie jak Co2+, Mn2+ czy Ni2+. Celem prowadzonych badań była optymalizacja żywienia cebuli (Allium cepa L.) magnezem poprzez ocenę plonowania roślin oraz jego wpływu na zawartość w liściach i cebulach: azotu (N), fosforu (P), potasu (K), wapnia (Ca) i magnezu (Mg). Magnez zastosowano w formie szybko działającego MgSO4ź7H2O, na podstawie analizy chemicznej gleby, w dawkach odpowiadających: 50, 100, 150, 200 mg Mgźdm–3 gleby. Pozostałe składniki pokarmowe uzupełniano do poziomów standardowych polecanych do uprawy cebuli wynoszących (w mgźdm–3 gleby): 150 N, 80 P, 200 K. Stwierdzono pozytywny wpływ żywienia magnezem na plonowanie cebuli oraz jej jakość. Istotnie największy plon ogólny (4,85 kgźm–2) oraz handlowy (4,78 kgźm–2) uzyskano, stosując Mg-100, co stanowiło wzrost o 38% i 45% w porównaniu z kombinacją kontrolną. Żywienie roślin magnezem wpływało istotnie w przypadku liści na poprawę stanu ich odżywienia azotem, pogorszenie odżywienia wapniem - a w przypadku liści i cebuli - potasem. Badane poziomy żywienia magnezem wpływały istotnie na stan odżywienia liści i cebuli tym składnikiem. Liście gromadziły więcej azotu, potasu, wapnia i magnezu niż cebula. Kontrolowane żywienie roślin magnezem jest efektywną metodą biofortyfikacji cebuli w ten składnik.

5

Heavy metal contamination of waters in reservoirs in an urban agglomeration

Szpakowska B., Karlik B., Krzesiński W., Goliński P., Szczęsna M., Mleczek M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.2

113-120

EN

The aim of the study was to estimate the degree of heavy metal pollution in water reservoirs in the city of Poznań as well as that in supply and outlet waters. The experimental data were compared with the results of mathematical analyses based on mathematical equations of linear regression that were derived. No considerable discrepancies were noted for zinc, cadmium, or copper in the 2004-2005 period. The metal concentrations in the analyzed water reservoirs were affected by the neighboring agglomeration and land development in the catchment area. The lowest concentrations of analyzed metals in inflowing waters ranged from 0.013 μg dm^-3 for cadmium to 454 μg dm^-3 for zinc. The application of simple mathematical models may considerably facilitate forecasting adverse changes that occur in aquatic ecosystems.