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Testing Rhizobia for Natural and Anthropogenic Saline Soils and Subsoils

Skipin Leonid, Gaevaya Elena, Tarasova Svetlana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 5

139--142

EN

The area of naturally saline lands in Russia is approximately 30 million hectares. Currently, the growth of anthropogenic saline areas is associated with the extraction of minerals (agricultural ore) and the formation of drilling pits when drilling wells for the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons. The number of drilling pits with high salt content in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is about 3 thousand. About the same number of them is found in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In the south of the Tyumen region, their number is increasing in the Uvat district. Reclamation of these areas includes the technical and biological phases of reclamation. The biological stage involves the use of phytomeliorant crops. Inclusion of the legume component in phytomeliorants implies its joint use with a preparation of active strain of nodule bacteria. The aim of the research was to identify the most salt-tolerant strain of lupine nodule bacteria under different chemistry and degree of salinity of the environment. In order to test lupine rhizobia for salt tolerance and salinity chemistry, laboratory experiments were set up in petri dishes. Lupine rhizobia strains 363a, 367a, and 375a were taken directly from the rhizotorphin preparations, and the degree of dilution was brought to a certain titer corresponding to about 80 colonies per Petri dish. The presented results of the experiments showed that the colonies of lupine rhizobia react extremely negatively to the concentration of salts in the nutrient medium of 0.3% or higher. This is true for both neutral and sodium salinity. Out of the three strains of rhizobia studied, sample 367a was the most salt tolerant. Strains 363a and 375a were less resistant to salinization. For the first time, strains of lupine rhizobia were tested for salt tolerance in relation to different chemistry and degree of salinity identical to anthropogenic soils and saline soils.

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Efficiency of Sorbents Application for the Decrease of the Residual Content of Oil Products in the Industrial Waste

Tarasova Svetlana, Gaevaya Elena, Bytsko Anastasia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

36--40

EN

Well drilling involves the formation of the bore mud in a form of drilled solids with waste drilling mud, containing oil products in its structure. Nowadays, the widely used methods such as thermal, physical and biological ones cannot be considered as complex approach to the solution of the problem of the oil refinery wastes handling. Introduction of the peat and natural mineral sorbents into the bore mud allows decreasing the residual content of the oil products, and, thus, decreasing the level of negative influence on the environment. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was revealed that different norms of sorbents and peat introduction into the bore mud decreased the concentration of oil products equally well; therefore, the recommended dosage of sorbents and peat at the low initial values of oil products can be 3–5%. When introducing glauconite in a form of flour and grain there it noted that the size of grain particles of the sorbent influenced insignificantly the decrease of oil products concentration in the bore mud. The use of natural mineral sorbents and peat favorably influences the development of plants. At the same time, the formation of viable phytocenosis with high value of phytomass of vegetative over-ground sprouts takes place.

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The Environmental Impact of Drilling Sludge and Ways of Their Utilization

Gaevaya Elena, Tarasova Svetlana, Bytsko Anastasia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

26--30

EN

Drilling sludge formed in the process of drilling wells using a drilling agent on a hydrocarbon basis looks like soft pasty mass of black color, with a distinct smell of petroleum products. Oil-based drill sludge has a high oil and chloride ions content, identified excessive concentrations of chromium 2.67 times. According to the degree of accumulation of heavy metals, that were distributed in the following order: manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > lead (Pb) > cobalt (Co) > arsenic (As) > mercury (Hg) > cadmium (Cd). The results of the particle size distribution indicate a significant proportion of physical clay, which peaks for the silt fraction – 63.60 %. During the study of the waste drilling agent was found that it includes oil products which reached level of 9000 mg/kg, while the hydrogen index refers to a neutral medium – 6.5 pH. The evaluation of the toxic effect of drilling waste according to the test-results has an acute toxic effect on the environment (hazard class IV). The significance of the research indicates the relevance of environmental assessment of drilling waste for the optimal choice of their subsequent disposal.