In this paper the generalization of classical filtration models in the case of anisotropic reservoirs (porous, fractured and porous-fractured media) are considered. A new procedure for complex laboratory core studies for determination of filtration properties of anisotropic porous media is reviewed. The studies are based on the tensor representation of absolute and relative phase permeabilities (RFP). Analysis of the effects taking place in two phase flows in anisotropic reservoirs of different anisotropy types is carried out. Examples of the calculation are given.
PL
W artykule rozpatrzono ogólnie klasyczne modele filtracji w przypadku zbiorników anizotropowych (porowatych, szczelinowatych, porowato-szczelinowatych). Omawiana jest procedura kompleksowych badań laboratoryjnych w celu określenia filtracyjno-pojemnościowych właściwości anizotropowych środowisk porowatych, w oparciu о tensorową prezentacje bezwzględnej i względnej fazowej przepuszczalności. Przeprowadzono analizę skutków występujących w dwufazowych przepływach filtrujących w zbiornikach anizotropowych о różnych typach anizotropii.
Development of laboratory methods of determination of anisotropic filtrational properties of hydrocarbonic raw materials collectors represents an actual task for further development of oil and gas branch of fuel and energy complexes of the countries of the world. The accounting of filtrational properties anisotropy allows to choose optimum the direction of horizontal wells con- ducting, to increase indicators of fields development etc. Therefore recently the great interest is turned to collectors lateral anisotropy detection. The different techniques based on measurements of various physical properties are used. The fact of a collector lateral anisotropy existence is established, for example, by means of standard techniques by determination of elastic properties. In other works the nuclear magnetic resonance is applied, the device measuring speed of ultrasonic waves passing through a laterai surface of a core and others is used. Results of laboratory researches are given in the report on a real core material. At carrying out researches the device measuring speed of ultrasonic waves passing through a lateral surface of a large scale core with a diameter at 7-15 see was used. Researches were carried out on cores with ortotropic filtrational properties. As a result of the carried-out laboratory researches the tensor nature of absolute and relative permeability, limiting gradients is experimentally proved at a filtration of abnormal oils in anisotropic porous environments.
The report presents the analysis of the current situation in oil and gas industry in Russia and scientific basis for new resource-saving technologies in the production, transport and utilization of hydrocarbons. From the point of view of the scientists of Russian Academy of Sciences the optimal approach is the resource-innovation strategy for the development of the branch. It suggests "the shift of priorities from the production of hydrocarbons to their deep processing together with the creation of science intensive technologies. The main directions of innovation development of oi1 and gas complex in Russia within the framework of this approach are: — о expansion of the resources basis of hydrocarbon at the expense of the sufficient increase of the state investment i.e., the geological prospecting in new regions (Yamal peninsula, shelf of the marginal and closed seas of Eastern Siberia and Far East) exploration of deep areas in Western Siberia and Caspian region; — о fuller hydrocarbons extraction both in the old fields and the field put into operation recently; — о maximum utilization of casing-head gas, resources of which make up many millions of tons of oil equivalent; — о sufficient increase of hydrocarbons directed to deep processing and quality upgrading of the received products. The necessary condition for innovation development of oil and gas complex is not only the increase of the volume and quality of fundamental and applied research but а sufficient increase of the number of innovation active companies and the change of the direction of their policies.
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Generalized new model of two-phase flow through porous media taking account of "coupling" phase permeabilities is considered. For two-phase flows in anisotropic porous media it's shown that the relative phase permeabilities depend not only on saturation but anisotropy parameters and flow direction. Boundary problems are set and resolved.
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