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Content of Heavy Metals in Reclaimed Soil Material and Hard Coal ash 15 Years After the Experiment

Gibczyńska Marzena, Tomaszewicz Tomasz, Stankowski Sławomir, Chudecka Justyna, Gamrat Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

59--65

EN

The paper the results obtained during hard coal ash reclamation. This model was created by covering the ash surface with the layers consisting of ash, organic by-products and mineral fertilizers. The aim of the studies, undertaken 15 years after the experiment set up, was the assessment of the efficacy of ash waste reclamation on the basis of the overall and solubility analyses of the metal content, including heavy metals, soluble in 1 M HCl. In 2003, on the premises of Dolna Odra Power Station in Nowe Czarnowo (53,20°N; 14,48°E) near Gryfino (53,25°N; 14,48°E) in Poland, a hard coal ash reclamation experiment was conducted. A 40 cm thick surface layer (fertile), termed upperlay, composed of the mixture of various materials was applied to ash substrate. One part was fertilized with mineral fertilizers NPK-60–70–70, the other was left unfertilized. After 15 years, in the autumn of 2018, the samples of upperlays (0–40 cm) and underlays (40–60 cm) were collected from plots overgrown with grass. Fifteen years after the experiment, none of the underlays or upperlays showed an excess of threshold values, as specified in the current Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 2016. The particularly favourable effect was identified with respect to the application of fermented municipal sewage sludge and GWDA compost which were factors resulting in a decrease of the upperlay content of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the form available for plants. The characteristics of upperlays with respect to metal content indicate the conditions favourable to plant cultivation on the reclaimed area. The recorded results on the change of the overall and bioavailable content of metals in upperlays and underlays justify the continuation of the undertaken reclamation experiment.

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Impact of Different Reclamation Modes of Fly Ash Deposits on Species Richness of Spontaneous Flora

Gamrat Renata, Tomaszewicz Tomasz, Wróbel Mariola, Miller Tymoteusz, Chudecka Justyna, Stankowski Sławomir

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 4

271--285

EN

The model reclamation process of the studied fly ash deposits has been started in 2003 by formation of five different experimental surface layers containing fly ash and organic matter in various combinations. Then, grass mixture was sown on these surface layers. In 2015, selected properties of plant communities growing on different variants of surface layers applied in the reclamation process were assessed. It was assumed that the type of mineral and organic substrates used in the process and their quality were the main factors affecting the long term plant diversity present on different variants of restored surfaces. The aim of this analysis was the assessment of the effectiveness of ash waste reclamation (carried out on five different types of the surface layer) after 12 years since its initiation. The long term results of the reclamation process showed that the applied surface layers allowed for an effective reclamation of ashes since all variants of experimental surfaces were totally covered by dense vegetation. The predominance of plant species from ruderal and segetal habitats indicated that the soil of the experimental habitats was fertile with neutral and slightly alkaline pH, and texture of sandy loams. The experimental surface layers with a texture of sand of favourable C:N ratio, neutral or slightly alkaline did not limit the plant development. The use of organic waste markedly contributed to the floristic diversity of the spontaneously developed vegetation. Coniferous bark used in some experimental variants had a marked effect on their floristic distinctiveness due to the presence of species preferring habitats of lower pH values.

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Floristic diversity and spatial distribution of roadside halophytes along forest and field roads in Szczecin Lowland (West Poland)

Wróbel Mariola, Tomaszewicz Tomasz, Chudecka Justyna

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

303-309

EN

The paper presents research results of roadside halophytes and soil salinity which were carried out along public roads with hardened surface within the forest and agricultural areas in Szczecin Lowland (W. Poland). Using ice-removing chemicals on road surfaces in winter causes growth of road shoulder soil salinity especially in early spring and favour settling roadsides by halophytes. In total 34 species of halophytes were stated from 10 families. Among them Asteraceae and Poaceae families were represented the most numerously by facultative halophytes like Dactylis glomerata L, Poa pratensis L. and Achillea millefolium L. Spatial distribution of roadside halophytes was related to different soil salinity (the range within forest roadsides: 0.035-0.321 g NaCl kg^-1 soil and field ones: 0.140-1.295 g NaCl kg^-1 soil) observed within zonal structure of roadside profile. The road shoulder soil salinity should be admitted to be raised, this however not qualifying them into category of saline soils. The highest salinity was detected in soil samples from the roadside edge adjoining directly the road surface. However most halophilous species were found in the zone of proper road shoulder, both on forest and field roads.