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A Comparative Analysis of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Logic Modeling in Flood Susceptibility Mapping in the Assaka Watershed, Morocco

Khaddari Achraf, Jari Abdessamad, Chakiri Saïd, El Hadi Hassan, Labriki Allal, Hajaj Soufiane, Goumghar Lahcen, El Harti Abderrazak, Abioui Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

62--83

EN

The Assaka watershed is one of the largest watersheds in the Guelmim region in southern Morocco. It is frequently exposed to the many flooding events that can be responsible for many costly human and material damages. This work illustrates a decision-making methodology based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Logic Modelling (FLM), in the order to perform a useful flood susceptibility mapping in the study area. Seven decisive factors were introduced, namely, flow accumulation, distance to the hydrographic network, elevation, slope, LULC, lithology, and rainfall. The susceptibility maps were obtained after normalization and weighting using the AHP, while after Fuzzification as well as the application of fuzzy operators (OR, SUM, PRODUCT, AND, GAMMA 0.9) for the fuzzy logic methods. Thereafter, the flood susceptibility zones were distributed into five flood intensity classes with very high, high, medium, low, and, very low susceptibility. Then validated by field observations, an inventory of flood-prone sites identified by the Draa Oued Noun Hydraulic Watershed Agency (DONHBA) with 71 carefully selected flood-prone sites and GeoEye-1 satellite images. The assessment of the mapping results using the ROC curve shows that the best results are derived from applying the fuzzy SUM (AUC = 0.901) and fuzzy OR (AUC = 0.896) operators. On the other hand, the AHP method (AUC = 0.893) shows considerable mapping results. Then, a comparison of the two methods of SUM fuzzy logic and AHP allowed considering the two techniques as complementary to each other. They can accurately model the flood susceptibility of the Assaka watershed. Specifically, this area is characterized by a high to very high risk of flooding, which was estimated at 67% and 30% of the total study area coverage using the fuzzy logic (SUM operator) and the AHP methods, respectively. Highly susceptible flood areas require immediate action in terms of planning, development, and land use management to avoid any dramatic disaster.

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Estimating the 3-D spatial distribution of mechanical properties of rock by seismic data and well logs

Darjani Mohsen, Bakhtiyari Ehsan, Sen Souvik, Abioui Mohamed

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 5

2089--2106

EN

The rock mechanical properties influence the selection of drilling parameters, optimized drilling trajectory, and appropriate hydraulic fracturing intervals. Estimating the 3-D spatial distribution of these geomechanical properties at the reservoir scale is a challenging task, especially in the case of limited data only at the well locations. Advanced geostatistical techniques can be utilized to represent a reservoir’s inherent spatial variation more realistically. In this study, we investigate the spatial variability of rock mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, as major constituents of the reservoir geomechanical model. The data are extracted from a hydrocarbon field located southwest of Iran and consist of forty wells. We first build a 1-D model of rock elastic moduli at each well by integrating petrophysical and core-based laboratory measurements and then develop a corresponding 3-D model using geostatistical simulation techniques. Thereafter, 3-D seismic data are employed to optimize the geomechanical model. Results show that the integration of well logs with seismic data increases the accuracy of field-wise 3-D elastic moduli models. Furthermore, we used various co-simulation techniques to demonstrate the improving effect of complementary data in constructing a more realistic reservoir geomechanical model.

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Digital Elevation Model-Derived Morphometric Indices for Physical Characterization of the Issen Basin (Western High Atlas of Morocco)

Ait Haddou Mohamed, Wanaim Abderrahmane, Ikirri Mustapha, Aydda Ali, Bouchriti Youssef, Abioui Mohamed, Kabbachi Belkacem

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

285--298

EN

This study attempts to describe the physical characteristics of the Issen basin (western High Atlas of Morocco) in order to highlight the factors affecting water flow and volume that may increase water erosion risk. By using ALOS-DEM of moderate spatial resolution (12.5 m) and GIS platform, it was possible to provide a joint set of morphometric indices of the study area. The obtained results reveal that the relief of the study basin is of mountainous symptom indicating its maturity. The contrasting topography (625 m to 3528 m), with a specific unevenness of the order of 612 m, highlights a strong relief. 94% of the watershed area has a slope of over 3%. The mean elongation of the basin is 1.74, with a fairly long water concentration time of about 7.5 hours and an average drainage density of 0.85 km-1. The tectonics, lithology, and external geodynamics characterstics indicate a strongly contrasted morphology characterizing the Issen basin. Overall, these morphometric characteristics can increase the shallow water flows and sediments mobilized by the Issen Wadi, which can increase the soil loss and flooding risks in the basin.

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Physicochemical Characterization of the Leachate of the Tamelast Landfill Site, Grand Agadir (Morocco)

Asouam Saadia, Arabi Mourad, Faik Farid, El Morjani Zine El Abidine, Abioui Mohamed, Diaz Luis F., Kostyuchenko Yuriy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 5

65--72

EN

During the last decade, the Grand Agadir has faced a huge production of solid waste, similarly to all other Moroccan cities. Indeed, these solid wastes are composed of the organic matter fraction in 77%. This solid waste is buried in the landfill of Tamelast, which, with its undersized leachate storage ponds, is the source of many environmental problems. Thus, the development of a landfill site meeting environmental standards has become an urgent need. This study aims to highlight the current state of waste management in Grand Agadir, while assessing the polluting load of leachate produced at the Tamelast landfill. This was achieved by taking samples of young leachate at the outlet of the purge, followed by medium and old leachate from the storage tanks (Pond N°2 & N°3). In addition to the olfactory nuisances still persistent at the landfill area, the results of the physicochemical characterization showed that the leachates produced, if not treated effectively, would generate great environmental and health risks to the surrounding environments, by their high organic and mineral load. The electrical conductivity reflecting the mineral load, reaches a maximum value of 130 mS/cm and a minimum value of 16 mS/cm. The maximum measured values of BOD5 and COD were, 43251 mgO2/L and 90240 mgO2/L, respectively, indicating high biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutant load. Total dry solids ranges between 231 mg/l and 9696 mg/l, which exceeds the allowable discharge limits for liquid pollutant. The analysis of heavy metals has shown strong values in terms of Iron, Silver, Nickel, and Manganese, which, similarly, exceed the limits of the standards for liquid pollutants released into natural fields.